योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-24, verse-4

कटुतिक्ताम्लभूताद्यैः सदधिक्षीरसागरैः ।
तैरेव तैः पर्युषितैर्जगद्भिः कल्ववर्तनम् ॥ ४ ॥

kaṭutiktāmlabhūtādyaiḥ sadadhikṣīrasāgaraiḥ ,
taireva taiḥ paryuṣitairjagadbhiḥ kalvavartanam 4

4. kaṭutiktāmlabhūtādyaiḥ sadadhikṣīrasāgaraiḥ taiḥ
eva taiḥ paryuṣitaiḥ jagadbhiḥ kalvavartanam

4. kaṭutiktāmlabhūtādyaiḥ sadadhikṣīrasāgaraiḥ taiḥ
eva taiḥ paryuṣitaiḥ jagadbhiḥ kalvavartanam

4. By the worlds (jagad)—endowed with pungent, bitter, and sour tastes, composed of primal elements, and containing oceans of curds and milk—and by those very same stale (worlds), an impure existence (kaluṣa-vartanam) is maintained.

Words meanings summery:

• कटुतिक्ताम्लभूताद्यैः (kaṭutiktāmlabhūtādyaiḥ) - characterizing the worlds by their diverse tastes and elemental composition (by those beginning with pungent, bitter, sour, and primary elements)

• सदधिक्षीरसागरैः (sadadhikṣīrasāgaraiḥ) - by the worlds containing curds and milk oceans (referring to mythical oceans) (by those having curds and milk-oceans)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (worlds) (by those)

• एव (eva) - very same (emphasizing the preceding pronoun) (only, just, indeed, very)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (worlds) (by those)

• पर्युषितैः (paryuṣitaiḥ) - by the old/decayed worlds (by the stale, by the decayed, by the old)

• जगद्भिः (jagadbhiḥ) - by the worlds (cosmic realms) (by the worlds, by the moving things, by beings)

• कल्ववर्तनम् (kalvavartanam) - the cycle or state of existence, here implying a less-than-ideal or transient state (impure existence, temporal existence, cycle of time)

Words meanings and morphology

कटुतिक्ताम्लभूताद्यैः (kaṭutiktāmlabhūtādyaiḥ) - characterizing the worlds by their diverse tastes and elemental composition (by those beginning with pungent, bitter, sour, and primary elements)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaṭutiktāmlabhūtādi

kaṭutiktāmlabhūtādi - beginning with pungent, bitter, sour, and primary elements

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa / Dvaṅdva (kaṭu+tikta+amla+bhūta+ādi)

• kaṭu – pungent, acrid, bitter
  adjective (masculine)
• tikta – bitter
  adjective (masculine)
• amla – sour, acidic
  adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – element, existing thing, creature
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √bhū (to be, to exist).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so forth
  indeclinable (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'jagadbhiḥ'.

सदधिक्षीरसागरैः (sadadhikṣīrasāgaraiḥ) - by the worlds containing curds and milk oceans (referring to mythical oceans) (by those having curds and milk-oceans)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sadadhikṣīrasāgara

sadadhikṣīrasāgara - having curds and milk-oceans

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (sa+dadhi+kṣīrasāgara)

• sa – with, together with, possessing
  indeclinable
• dadhi – curds, yogurt
  noun (neuter)
• kṣīrasāgara – milk-ocean
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'jagadbhiḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (worlds) (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'jagadbhiḥ'.

एव (eva) - very same (emphasizing the preceding pronoun) (only, just, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (worlds) (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Redundant 'taiḥ' often used for emphasis or stylistic reasons.

पर्युषितैः (paryuṣitaiḥ) - by the old/decayed worlds (by the stale, by the decayed, by the old)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paryuṣita

paryuṣita - stale, decayed, old, left over from the previous day

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vas (to dwell, to remain) with prefix 'pari-'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'jagadbhiḥ'.

जगद्भिः (jagadbhiḥ) - by the worlds (cosmic realms) (by the worlds, by the moving things, by beings)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, existing

Present Active Participle (from √gam)

Derived from root √gam (to go) with suffix -at.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Grammatically takes masculine endings in instrumental plural when referring to 'jagat' (neuter noun).

कल्ववर्तनम् (kalvavartanam) - the cycle or state of existence, here implying a less-than-ideal or transient state (impure existence, temporal existence, cycle of time)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kalvavartana

kalvavartana - impure existence, temporal existence, course of action/existence. (Assuming 'kalva' refers to 'kaluṣa' or 'kāla').

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kalva+vartana)

• kalva – obscure; possibly a variant of 'kaluṣa' (impure, turbid) or 'kāla' (time)
  noun (masculine)
• vartana – existence, course of action, behavior, livelihood
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root √vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Likely the subject of an implied verb like "is" or "prevails".

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