वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-42, verse-21

भगीरथो ऽपि राजर्षिर्दिव्यं स्यन्दनमास्थितः ।
प्रायादग्रे महातेजास्तं गङ्गा पृष्ठतो ऽन्वगात् ॥२१॥

21. bhagīratho'pi rājarṣirdivyaṃ syandanamāsthitaḥ ,
prāyādagre mahātejāstaṃ gaṅgā pṛṣṭhato'nvagāt.

21. bhagīrathaḥ api rājarṣiḥ divyam syandanam āsthitaḥ
prāyāt agre mahātejāḥ tam gaṅgā pṛṣṭhataḥ anvagāt

21. api rājarṣiḥ mahātejāḥ bhagīrathaḥ divyam syandanam
āsthitaḥ agre prāyāt gaṅgā tam pṛṣṭhataḥ anvagāt

21. The royal sage Bhagīratha, who was also greatly luminous, ascended his divine chariot and proceeded in front. The Gaṅgā (Gaṅgā) followed him from behind.

Words meanings summery:

• भगीरथः (bhagīrathaḥ) - Bhagīratha

• अपि (api) - also, even

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly

• स्यन्दनम् (syandanam) - chariot, car

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - seated on, ascended, standing on

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - proceeded, went forth

• अग्रे (agre) - in front, before

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly luminous, of great splendor

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the Gaṅgā (Ganges river)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, from the back

• अन्वगात् (anvagāt) - followed

Words meanings and morphology

भगीरथः (bhagīrathaḥ) - Bhagīratha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagīratha

bhagīratha - Bhagīratha (a legendary king of the Ikshvaku dynasty, who brought the Gaṅgā to earth)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king-sage (a king who is also a sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'syandanam'.

स्यन्दनम् (syandanam) - chariot, car

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of syandana

syandana - chariot, car; flowing, moving

Root: syand (class 1)

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - seated on, ascended, standing on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - ascended, mounted, seated, standing in/on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root sthā- (to stand) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhagīratha.

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - proceeded, went forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of pra-i

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Formed from root i- (to go) with prefix pra-.

अग्रे (agre) - in front, before

(indeclinable)

Locative singular used adverbially.

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly luminous, of great splendor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - of great splendor, very brilliant, greatly powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+tejas)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• tejas – splendor, luster, power, energy
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhagīratha.

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (pronoun)

Note: Refers to Bhagīratha.

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the Gaṅgā (Ganges river)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, from the back

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed with the suffix -tas.

अन्वगात् (anvagāt) - followed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of anu-gam

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Formed from root gam- (to go) with prefix anu-.

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