महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-1, verse-4

आदित्यो रजसा राजन्समवच्छन्नमण्डलः ।
विरश्मिरुदये नित्यं कबन्धैः समदृश्यत ॥४॥

4. ādityo rajasā rājansamavacchannamaṇḍalaḥ ,
viraśmirudaye nityaṁ kabandhaiḥ samadṛśyata.

4. ādityaḥ rajasā rājan samavacchannamaṇḍalaḥ
virasmiḥ udaye nityam kabandhaiḥ samadṛśyata

4. rājan rajasā samavacchannamaṇḍalaḥ virasmiḥ
ādityaḥ udaye nityam kabandhaiḥ samadṛśyata

4. O king, the sun, its disk completely obscured by dust, regularly appeared rayless at sunrise, resembling (or surrounded by) ominous headless forms (kabandha).

Words meanings summery:

• आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by pollen, by impurity

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• समवच्छन्नमण्डलः (samavacchannamaṇḍalaḥ) - referring to the sun's disk being covered (whose disk was completely covered/obscured)

• विरस्मिः (virasmiḥ) - referring to the sun being without its rays (rayless, without rays)

• उदये (udaye) - at rising, at dawn, at sunrise

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, regularly

• कबन्धैः (kabandhaiḥ) - by ominous headless forms (kabandha) in the sky (by headless trunks, by meteors resembling headless bodies, by ominous forms)

• समदृश्यत (samadṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

Words meanings and morphology

आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun; a son of Aditi

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by pollen, by impurity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust; pollen; gloom; passion (guṇa)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

समवच्छन्नमण्डलः (samavacchannamaṇḍalaḥ) - referring to the sun's disk being covered (whose disk was completely covered/obscured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samavacchannamaṇḍala

samavacchannamaṇḍala - having its disk completely covered

Compound type : bahuvrihi (samavacchanna+maṇḍala)

• samavacchanna – completely covered/obscured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root √chad (to cover) with prefixes sam- and ava-
  Prefixes: sam+ava
  Root: chad (class 1)
• maṇḍala – disk, circle, orb
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'ādityaḥ'

विरस्मिः (virasmiḥ) - referring to the sun being without its rays (rayless, without rays)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virasmi

virasmi - without rays, rayless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+raśmi)

• vi – without, deprived of
  indeclinable
• raśmi – ray, beam of light
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'ādityaḥ'

उदये (udaye) - at rising, at dawn, at sunrise

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of udaya

udaya - rising, ascent, dawn, prosperity

from ud-√i (to go up)

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, regularly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage

कबन्धैः (kabandhaiḥ) - by ominous headless forms (kabandha) in the sky (by headless trunks, by meteors resembling headless bodies, by ominous forms)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kabandha

kabandha - a headless trunk (especially of a demon); a meteor; an ominous cloud formation

समदृश्यत (samadṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of samadṛś

Imperfect Passive

Imperfect 3rd person singular, passive voice, from root √dṛś with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: dṛś (class 1)