महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-1, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
षट्त्रिंशे त्वथ संप्राप्ते वर्षे कौरवनन्दनः ।
ददर्श विपरीतानि निमित्तानि युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ṣaṭtriṁśe tvatha saṁprāpte varṣe kauravanandanaḥ ,
dadarśa viparītāni nimittāni yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca ṣaṭtriṃśe tu atha samprāpte varṣe
kauravanandanaḥ dadarśa viparītāni nimittāni yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. Vaishampayana said: Then, when the thirty-sixth year had arrived, Yudhishthira, the delight of the Kurus, saw adverse omens.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - the sage Vaishampayana (Vaishampayana (a sage, narrator of Mahabharata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (Vaishampayana) (he said, spoke)

• षट्त्रिंशे (ṣaṭtriṁśe) - in the thirty-sixth (year) (in the thirty-sixth)

• तु (tu) - then (indicating sequence) (but, indeed, however)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - having arrived (referring to the year) (having arrived, having reached)

• वर्षे (varṣe) - in the year

• कौरवनन्दनः (kauravanandanaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the delight of the Kurus (delight of the Kurus, son of the Kuru clan)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (Yudhishthira) (he saw)

• विपरीतानि (viparītāni) - adverse (omens) (adverse, contrary, inverted)

• निमित्तानि (nimittāni) - omens (omens, signs, causes)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (the eldest Pandava) (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - the sage Vaishampayana (Vaishampayana (a sage, narrator of Mahabharata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (Vaishampayana) (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

षट्त्रिंशे (ṣaṭtriṁśe) - in the thirty-sixth (year) (in the thirty-sixth)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ṣaṭtriṃśa

ṣaṭtriṁśa - thirty-sixth

compound of 'ṣaṭ' (six) and 'triṃśat' (thirty)

Note: agrees with 'varṣe' (year) in locative singular neuter

तु (tu) - then (indicating sequence) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: often used as a particle to indicate a slight contrast or sequence

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - having arrived (referring to the year) (having arrived, having reached)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, attained, obtained

past passive participle

past passive participle of sam-pra-āp (to arrive)

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: agrees with 'varṣe' (year) in locative singular neuter

वर्षे (varṣe) - in the year

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

कौरवनन्दनः (kauravanandanaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the delight of the Kurus (delight of the Kurus, son of the Kuru clan)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauravanandana

kauravanandana - delight of the Kurus, son of the Kuru clan (epithet for Yudhishthira)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaurava+nandana)

• kaurava – a descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kurus
  noun (masculine)
  derived from Kuru (proper noun) + a (suffix)
• nandana – delight, son
  noun (masculine)
  from root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (Yudhishthira) (he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

perfect tense

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विपरीतानि (viparītāni) - adverse (omens) (adverse, contrary, inverted)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of viparīta

viparīta - inverted, reversed, adverse, contrary, opposite

past passive participle

past passive participle of vi-parī-i (to go round, reverse)

Prefixes: vi+parī

Root: i (class 2)

Note: agrees with 'nimittāni' in accusative plural neuter

निमित्तानि (nimittāni) - omens (omens, signs, causes)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nimitta

nimitta - sign, omen, cause, occasion

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (the eldest Pandava) (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (steadfast in battle), proper noun, eldest of the Pandavas

compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steadfast)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war (locative of yudh)
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)