महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-1, verse-3

प्रत्यगूहुर्महानद्यो दिशो नीहारसंवृताः ।
उल्काश्चाङ्गारवर्षिण्यः प्रपेतुर्गगनाद्भुवि ॥३॥

3. pratyagūhurmahānadyo diśo nīhārasaṁvṛtāḥ ,
ulkāścāṅgāravarṣiṇyaḥ prapeturgaganādbhuvi.

3. prati ūhuḥ mahānadyaḥ diśaḥ nīhārasaṃvṛtāḥ
ulkāḥ ca aṅgāravarṣiṇyaḥ prapetuḥ gaganāt bhuvi

3. Great rivers flowed backwards, the directions were enveloped in mist, and meteors showering embers fell from the sky to the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रति (prati) - back (indicating reverse direction) (against, back, towards, in return)

• ऊहुः (ūhuḥ) - they flowed (backwards, with 'prati') (they carried, they flowed)

• महानद्यः (mahānadyaḥ) - great rivers

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters of the sky)

• नीहारसंवृताः (nīhārasaṁvṛtāḥ) - enveloped in mist (enveloped in mist/fog)

• उल्काः (ulkāḥ) - meteors (meteors, firebrands)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अङ्गारवर्षिण्यः (aṅgāravarṣiṇyaḥ) - showering embers (showering embers/coals)

• प्रपेतुः (prapetuḥ) - (meteors) fell (they fell)

• गगनात् (gaganāt) - from the sky

• भुवि (bhuvi) - to the earth (implied movement) (on the earth, on the ground)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रति (prati) - back (indicating reverse direction) (against, back, towards, in return)

(indeclinable)

Note: used as a prefix to verb 'ūhuḥ' for 'flowed backwards'

ऊहुः (ūhuḥ) - they flowed (backwards, with 'prati') (they carried, they flowed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vah

perfect tense

perfect tense, 3rd person plural, of root vah

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: perfect plural of root vah

महानद्यः (mahānadyaḥ) - great rivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mahānadī

mahānadī - great river

compound of mahā (great) + nadī (river)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+nadī)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters of the sky)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: also accusative plural, but nominative fits the context here

नीहारसंवृताः (nīhārasaṁvṛtāḥ) - enveloped in mist (enveloped in mist/fog)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nīhārasaṃvṛta

nīhārasaṁvṛta - covered/enveloped by mist/fog

compound: nīhāra (mist) + saṃvṛta (covered)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nīhāra+saṃvṛta)

• nīhāra – mist, fog, dew
  noun (masculine)
• saṃvṛta – covered, veiled, enveloped
  adjective (feminine)
  past passive participle
  past passive participle of sam-vṛ (to cover)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: agrees with 'diśaḥ'

उल्काः (ulkāḥ) - meteors (meteors, firebrands)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ulkā

ulkā - meteor, falling star, firebrand

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अङ्गारवर्षिण्यः (aṅgāravarṣiṇyaḥ) - showering embers (showering embers/coals)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of aṅgāravarṣiṇī

aṅgāravarṣiṇī - showering embers/coals

feminine form of aṅgāravarṣin, compound: aṅgāra (ember) + varṣin (showering)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aṅgāra+varṣin)

• aṅgāra – ember, live coal
  noun (masculine)
• varṣin – raining, showering
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from root vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'ulkāḥ'

प्रपेतुः (prapetuḥ) - (meteors) fell (they fell)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pat

perfect tense

perfect tense, 3rd person plural, of root pat with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

गगनात् (gaganāt) - from the sky

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, heaven

भुवि (bhuvi) - to the earth (implied movement) (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, place

Note: locative case used for 'on' or 'to' a surface.