महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-252, verse-4

अन्यो धर्मः समस्थस्य विषमस्थस्य चापरः ।
आपदस्तु कथं शक्याः परिपाठेन वेदितुम् ॥४॥

4. anyo dharmaḥ samasthasya viṣamasthasya cāparaḥ ,
āpadastu kathaṁ śakyāḥ paripāṭhena veditum.

4. anyaḥ dharmaḥ samasthasya viṣamasthasya ca aparaḥ
āpadaḥ tu kathaṃ śakyāḥ paripāṭhena veditum

4. samasthasya anyaḥ dharmaḥ ca viṣamasthasya aparaḥ
tu āpadaḥ paripāṭhena kathaṃ veditum śakyāḥ

4. The proper course of action (dharma) is one for someone in a normal situation, and another for someone in an adverse situation. But how can difficult circumstances (āpadaḥ) be understood through mere rote learning?

Words meanings summery:

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - one (kind of dharma) (another, other, different)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - proper course of action (dharma) (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• समस्थस्य (samasthasya) - for one in a normal situation (of one who is in an equal/normal state)

• विषमस्थस्य (viṣamasthasya) - for one in an adverse situation (of one who is in a difficult/unequal state)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (kind of dharma) (another, other)

• आपदः (āpadaḥ) - difficult circumstances (āpadaḥ) (calamities, misfortunes, difficulties)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner)

• शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible (to be known) (possible, capable (feminine plural))

• परिपाठेन (paripāṭhena) - through mere rote learning (by repetition, by rote learning, by sequence)

• वेदितुम् (veditum) - to be known/understood (to know, to understand)

Words meanings and morphology

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - one (kind of dharma) (another, other, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with dharmaḥ

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - proper course of action (dharma) (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

समस्थस्य (samasthasya) - for one in a normal situation (of one who is in an equal/normal state)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samastha

samastha - being in an equal/normal state, standing firm

Compound of sama (equal/normal) + stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sama+stha)

• sama – equal, same, normal, even
  adjective (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix -a
  Derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

विषमस्थस्य (viṣamasthasya) - for one in an adverse situation (of one who is in a difficult/unequal state)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viṣamastha

viṣamastha - being in a difficult/unequal/adverse state

Compound of viṣama (unequal/difficult) + stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣama+stha)

• viṣama – unequal, difficult, adverse, uneven
  adjective (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix -a
  Derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (kind of dharma) (another, other)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, later, inferior

Note: Agrees with dharmaḥ, implied.

आपदः (āpadaḥ) - difficult circumstances (āpadaḥ) (calamities, misfortunes, difficulties)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, difficulty

Root pad 'to go' with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible (to be known) (possible, capable (feminine plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, able to be done

Gerundive/Past Passive Participle

Root śak with suffix -ya

Root: śak (class 5)

परिपाठेन (paripāṭhena) - through mere rote learning (by repetition, by rote learning, by sequence)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paripāṭha

paripāṭha - repetition, recitation, sequence, rote learning

Derived from root paṭh 'to read' with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: paṭh (class 1)

वेदितुम् (veditum) - to be known/understood (to know, to understand)

(verb)

infinitive of veditum

Infinitive

Root vid (2nd class) with suffix -tum

Root: vid (class 2)