महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-4, verse-9

सोऽथ विप्रर्षभः कार्यं कृत्वा सर्वं यथाक्रमम् ।
देवान्वाग्भिः पितॄनद्भिस्तर्पयित्वाजगाम ह ॥९॥

9. so'tha viprarṣabhaḥ kāryaṁ kṛtvā sarvaṁ yathākramam ,
devānvāgbhiḥ pitṝnadbhistarpayitvājagāma ha.

9. saḥ atha viprarṣabhaḥ kāryam kṛtvā sarvam yathākramam
devān vāgbhiḥ pitṝn adbhiḥ tarpayitvā ājagāma ha

9. Then that foremost among brahmins, having performed all his duties in due order – satisfying the gods with prayers and the ancestors with water – indeed departed.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (foremost brahmin) (he, that)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• विप्रर्षभः (viprarṣabhaḥ) - foremost among brahmins (best of brahmins, foremost sage)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - duties (duty, work, to be done)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (duties) (all, whole)

• यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in due order (in due order, successively)

• देवान् (devān) - the gods (gods (accusative plural))

• वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with incantations (prayers) (by words, with speeches)

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - the ancestors (ancestors, fathers (accusative plural))

• अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - with water (libations) (by waters, with waters)

• तर्पयित्वा (tarpayitvā) - having satisfied (having satisfied, having appeased)

• आजगाम (ājagāma) - indeed departed (came/went from the place of ritual) (he came, he went)

• ह (ha) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly (particle))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (foremost brahmin) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a sequence of events.

विप्रर्षभः (viprarṣabhaḥ) - foremost among brahmins (best of brahmins, foremost sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viprarṣabha

viprarṣabha - best of brahmins, excellent sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipra+ṛṣabha)

• vipra – inspired, wise, priest, brahmin
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compounds vipra and ṛṣabha to mean 'best among brahmins.'

कार्यम् (kāryam) - duties (duty, work, to be done)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, business, purpose

future passive participle

root kṛ (to do) + ṇyat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made)

(verb)

active, past (ktvā) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates a completed action before the main verb.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (duties) (all, whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies kāryam.

यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in due order (in due order, successively)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+krama)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• krama – step, order, succession, method
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adverbial compound.

देवान् (devān) - the gods (gods (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Object of tarpayitvā.

वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with incantations (prayers) (by words, with speeches)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Note: Instrument for tarpayitvā.

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - the ancestors (ancestors, fathers (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers

Note: Object of tarpayitvā.

अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - with water (libations) (by waters, with waters)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Note: Instrument for tarpayitvā.

तर्पयित्वा (tarpayitvā) - having satisfied (having satisfied, having appeased)

(verb)

active, past (ktvā) of tarpay

causative

root tṛp (to be satisfied) + ṇic + ktvā

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Indicates a completed action before the main verb.

आजगाम (ājagāma) - indeed departed (came/went from the place of ritual) (he came, he went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of āgam

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Irregular perfect form.

ह (ha) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly (particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis or refers to a past event known to the audience.