योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-46, verse-5

यैरेव जायते रागो मूर्खस्याधिकतागतैः ।
तैरेव भोगैः प्राज्ञस्य विराग उपजायते ॥ ५ ॥

yaireva jāyate rāgo mūrkhasyādhikatāgataiḥ ,
taireva bhogaiḥ prājñasya virāga upajāyate 5

5. yaiḥ eva jāyate rāgaḥ mūrkhasya ādhikatāgataiḥ
taiḥ eva bhogaiḥ prājñasya virāgaḥ upajāyate

5. yaiḥ eva bhogaiḥ mūrkhasya ādhikatāgataiḥ rāgaḥ
jāyate taiḥ eva bhogaiḥ prājñasya virāgaḥ upajāyate

5. Indeed, those very things by which a fool develops excessive attachment (rāga) – by those same enjoyments (bhoga), dispassion (virāga) arises for a wise person.

Words meanings summery:

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (things) (by which, by whom)

• एव (eva) - indeed, very (emphatic particle) (indeed, only, certainly)

• जायते (jāyate) - arises, comes into being (is born, arises, happens)

• रागः (rāgaḥ) - attachment, passion, desire

• मूर्खस्य (mūrkhasya) - of the fool, for the fool

• आधिकतागतैः (ādhikatāgataiḥ) - when they have become excessive or intense (referring to bhogas) (by those who have attained abundance/excess, when they have become excessive)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those very same (enjoyments) (by those)

• एव (eva) - indeed, very (emphatic particle) (indeed, only, certainly)

• भोगैः (bhogaiḥ) - by those worldly enjoyments (by enjoyments, by experiences)

• प्राज्ञस्य (prājñasya) - of the wise person, for the wise person

• विरागः (virāgaḥ) - dispassion, detachment, aversion

• उपजायते (upajāyate) - arises, comes into being (is born, arises, happens, comes into being)

Words meanings and morphology

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (things) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Refers to 'bhogaiḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, very (emphatic particle) (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

जायते (jāyate) - arises, comes into being (is born, arises, happens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present Middle

Root 'jan' (class 4) in the middle voice, present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: jan (class 4)

रागः (rāgaḥ) - attachment, passion, desire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāga

rāga - color, dye, affection, love, attachment, passion, desire

Derived from root 'rañj' (to color, delight).

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'jāyate'.

मूर्खस्य (mūrkhasya) - of the fool, for the fool

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - fool, ignorant, stupid, idiotic

Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Indicates possession or relation, 'for the fool'.

आधिकतागतैः (ādhikatāgataiḥ) - when they have become excessive or intense (referring to bhogas) (by those who have attained abundance/excess, when they have become excessive)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ādhikatāgata

ādhikatāgata - having attained abundance, grown excessive, having reached an extreme

Past Passive Participle

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'ādhikatā' (abundance, excess) and 'gata' (gone, reached).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ādhikatā+gata)

• ādhikatā – abundance, excess, superiority
  noun (feminine)
  From 'adhika' (excessive) + 'tā' (suffix for abstract noun).
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go) + suffix 'kta'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes 'bhogaiḥ' which is indirectly referred to by 'yaiḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those very same (enjoyments) (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Corresponds to 'yaiḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, very (emphatic particle) (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

भोगैः (bhogaiḥ) - by those worldly enjoyments (by enjoyments, by experiences)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, pleasure, experience, possession, food

Derived from root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, eat).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: The means for both rāga and virāga.

प्राज्ञस्य (prājñasya) - of the wise person, for the wise person

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, intelligent, discerning, knowing

From 'prajñā' (wisdom) or 'pra-jñā' (to know well).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used as a noun here meaning 'for the wise person' (dative equivalent).

विरागः (virāgaḥ) - dispassion, detachment, aversion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāga

virāga - dispassion, detachment, absence of passion, aversion, change of color

Composed of prefix 'vi-' (negation, separation) and 'rāga' (attachment).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (vi+rāga)

• vi – apart, away, without, negation
  prefix
• rāga – attachment, passion, desire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'upajāyate'.

उपजायते (upajāyate) - arises, comes into being (is born, arises, happens, comes into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upajan

Present Middle

Root 'jan' (class 4) with upasarga 'upa', in the middle voice, present tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: upa

Root: jan (class 4)

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