वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-1, verse-11

तेषु काञ्चनचित्रेषु स्वास्तीर्णेषु सुखेषु च ।
यथार्हमुपविष्टास्ते आसनेष्व् ऋषिपुंगवाः ॥११॥

11. teṣu kāñcanacitreṣu svāstīrṇeṣu sukheṣu ca ,
yathārhamupaviṣṭāste āsaneṣv ṛṣipuṃgavāḥ.

11. teṣu kāñcanacitreṣu svāstīrṇeṣu sukheṣu ca
yathārham upaviṣṭāḥ te āsaneṣu ṛṣipuṅgavāḥ

11. ca te ṛṣipuṅgavāḥ teṣu kāñcanacitreṣu
svāstīrṇeṣu sukheṣu āsaneṣu yathārham upaviṣṭāḥ

11. And those chief sages sat down appropriately on those seats, which were adorned with gold, well-cushioned, and comfortable.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - on those (seats) (on them, in them, among them)

• काञ्चनचित्रेषु (kāñcanacitreṣu) - adorned with gold, painted with gold

• स्वास्तीर्णेषु (svāstīrṇeṣu) - well-spread, well-cushioned, properly laid out

• सुखेषु (sukheṣu) - in comforts, comfortable, pleasant

• च (ca) - and, also

• यथार्हम् (yathārham) - appropriately, as deserved, as was fitting

• उपविष्टाः (upaviṣṭāḥ) - seated, having sat down

• ते (te) - they

• आसनेषु (āsaneṣu) - on seats, in seats

• ऋषिपुङ्गवाः (ṛṣipuṅgavāḥ) - chief sages, best among sages

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - on those (seats) (on them, in them, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, plural of tad

tad - that

Note: Used here for neuter plural 'āsaneṣu'.

काञ्चनचित्रेषु (kāñcanacitreṣu) - adorned with gold, painted with gold

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, plural of kāñcanacitra

kāñcanacitra - adorned with gold, painted with gold

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāñcana+citra)

• kāñcana – golden, made of gold, gold
  noun (neuter)
• citra – adorned, painted, variegated
  adjective
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'āsaneṣu'.

स्वास्तीर्णेषु (svāstīrṇeṣu) - well-spread, well-cushioned, properly laid out

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, plural of svāstīrṇa

svāstīrṇa - well-spread, well-cushioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √stṛ (9th class) with prefixes su- and ā-.

Prefixes: su+ā

Root: stṛ (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'āsaneṣu'.

सुखेषु (sukheṣu) - in comforts, comfortable, pleasant

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - comfort, happiness, pleasant

Note: Agrees with 'āsaneṣu'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यथार्हम् (yathārham) - appropriately, as deserved, as was fitting

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+arha)

• yathā – as, in what manner
  indeclinable
• arha – deserving, worthy, fit
  adjective
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

उपविष्टाः (upaviṣṭāḥ) - seated, having sat down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √viś (6th class) with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'ṛṣipuṅgavāḥ'.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'ṛṣipuṅgavāḥ'.

आसनेषु (āsaneṣu) - on seats, in seats

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of āsana

āsana - seat, sitting

Derived from root √ās (2nd class).

Root: ās (class 2)

ऋषिपुङ्गवाः (ṛṣipuṅgavāḥ) - chief sages, best among sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣipuṅgava

ṛṣipuṅgava - chief of sages, excellent sage

Compound type : tatpurusha (ṛṣi+puṅgava)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent
  noun/adjective (masculine)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

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