वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-34, verse-3

स मुहूर्तमिवासंज्ञो दुःखितश्च महीपतिः ।
विललाप महाबाहू राममेवानुचिन्तयन् ॥३॥

3. sa muhūrtamivāsaṃjño duḥkhitaśca mahīpatiḥ ,
vilalāpa mahābāhū rāmamevānucintayan.

3. sa muhūrtam iva asaṃjñaḥ duḥkhitaḥ ca mahīpatiḥ
vilalāpa mahābāhuḥ rāmam eva anucintayan

3. For a moment, the king, the great-armed one, was as if unconscious and distressed; he lamented, constantly thinking only of Rama.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - The king (Daśaratha) (he, that (masc. nom. sg.))

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a moment, an instant (as adverb: for a moment)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• असंज्ञः (asaṁjñaḥ) - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

• च (ca) - and, also

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - King Daśaratha (king, lord of the earth)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - he lamented, he wept loudly

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed king (great-armed, mighty-armed (epithet for heroes))

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• अनुचिन्तयन् (anucintayan) - constantly thinking of, meditating upon

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - The king (Daśaratha) (he, that (masc. nom. sg.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a moment, an instant (as adverb: for a moment)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time, a particular division of time

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for a moment'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses comparison or approximation.

असंज्ञः (asaṁjñaḥ) - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asaṃjña

asaṁjña - unconscious, senseless, without understanding

compound of a + saṃjña

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+saṃjña)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• saṃjña – consciousness, understanding, sign
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpatiḥ'.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, pained

Past Passive Participle (from verbal noun duḥkha)

from duḥkha + ita (suffix to form PPP from nouns/roots)

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpatiḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'asaṃjñaḥ' and 'duḥkhitaḥ'.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - King Daśaratha (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

compound of mahī + pati

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

विललाप (vilalāpa) - he lamented, he wept loudly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vilalāpa

Perfect, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, from root lap with vi

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed king (great-armed, mighty-armed (epithet for heroes))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed

compound of mahā + bāhu

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpatiḥ'. The Devanagari shows महाबाहू (mahābāhū), which is dual, but given the singular subject and verb, 'mahābāhuḥ' is assumed for grammatical consistency in the 'no sandhi' form.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - pleasing, charming; a name (esp. of the son of Daśaratha)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anucintayan'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'rāmam'.

अनुचिन्तयन् (anucintayan) - constantly thinking of, meditating upon

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anucintayat

anucintayat - thinking after, meditating on, reflecting upon

Present Active Participle

upasarga anu + root cint + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: anu

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Modifies the subject (the king), indicating a continuous action.

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