वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-34, verse-2

नैनं दुःखेन संतप्तः प्रत्यवैक्षत राघवम् ।
न चैनमभिसंप्रेक्ष्य प्रत्यभाषत दुर्मनाः ॥२॥

2. nainaṃ duḥkhena saṃtaptaḥ pratyavaikṣata rāghavam ,
na cainamabhisaṃprekṣya pratyabhāṣata durmanāḥ.

2. na enam duḥkhena saṃtaptaḥ pratyavaikṣata rāghavam
na ca enam abhisaṃprekṣya pratyabhāṣata durmanāḥ

2. Afflicted by sorrow, he could not look upon Rama; nor, being distraught, could he speak to him in reply after having observed him intently.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• एनम् (enam) - Rama (him, this (masc. acc. sg.))

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, due to suffering

• संतप्तः (saṁtaptaḥ) - (the king) afflicted by sorrow (afflicted, distressed, burnt)

• प्रत्यवैक्षत (pratyavaikṣata) - looked back, regarded, observed

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - Rama (him, this (masc. acc. sg.))

• अभिसंप्रेक्ष्य (abhisaṁprekṣya) - having looked intently at, having seen well

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - spoke in reply, answered

• दुर्मनाः (durmanāḥ) - (the king) being distraught (dejected, disheartened, distraught)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation.

एनम् (enam) - Rama (him, this (masc. acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, he, she, it (referring to something immediately present or just mentioned)

Note: Refers to Rama.

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, due to suffering

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

Note: Indicates the cause of his inability to look.

संतप्तः (saṁtaptaḥ) - (the king) afflicted by sorrow (afflicted, distressed, burnt)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtapta

saṁtapta - heated, agitated, distressed, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

upasarga sam + root tap

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the king).

प्रत्यवैक्षत (pratyavaikṣata) - looked back, regarded, observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyavaikṣata

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, from root īkṣ with praty-ava (prati-ava)

Prefixes: prati+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

patronymic from Raghu

Note: Object of 'pratyavaikṣata'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two negated clauses.

एनम् (enam) - Rama (him, this (masc. acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, he, she, it (referring to something immediately present or just mentioned)

Note: Refers to Rama.

अभिसंप्रेक्ष्य (abhisaṁprekṣya) - having looked intently at, having seen well

(indeclinable)

absolutive

upasargas abhi + sam + pra + root īkṣ + suffix lyp

Prefixes: abhi+sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - spoke in reply, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyabhāṣata

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, from root bhāṣ with prati-abhi

Prefixes: prati+abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

दुर्मनाः (durmanāḥ) - (the king) being distraught (dejected, disheartened, distraught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmanas

durmanas - dejected, sad, ill-minded

compound of dur + manas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+manas)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• manas – mind, spirit, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the king).

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