वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-34, verse-25

नातन्त्री वाद्यते वीणा नाचक्रो वर्तते रथः ।
नापतिः सुखमेधते या स्यादपि शतात्मजा ॥२५॥

25. nātantrī vādyate vīṇā nācakro vartate rathaḥ ,
nāpatiḥ sukhamedhate yā syādapi śatātmajā.

25. na atantrī vādyate vīṇā na acakraḥ vartate rathaḥ
na apatiḥ sukham edhate yā syāt api śatātmajā

25. vīṇā atantrī na vādyate rathaḥ acakraḥ na vartate
yā śatātmajā api sā apatiḥ sukham na edhate

25. A lute cannot be played without strings. A chariot does not move without wheels. Similarly, a woman, even one with a hundred children, does not prosper happily without a husband.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अतन्त्री (atantrī) - stringless, without strings

• वाद्यते (vādyate) - is played

• वीणा (vīṇā) - lute, harp

• न (na) - not, no

• अचक्रः (acakraḥ) - without wheels, wheel-less

• वर्तते (vartate) - moves, turns, proceeds, exists

• रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

• न (na) - not, no

• अपतिः (apatiḥ) - husbandless, without a husband

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily, comfortably, well

• एधते (edhate) - prospers, grows, flourishes

• या (yā) - who, which

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, might be, should be

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• शतात्मजा (śatātmajā) - having a hundred children/offspring

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अतन्त्री (atantrī) - stringless, without strings

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of atantrī

atantrī - stringless, without strings

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tantrī)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• tantrī – string, string of a lute
  noun (feminine)

वाद्यते (vādyate) - is played

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vādyate

passive voice of causative stem

root √vad, 1st conjugation, ātmanepada, passive of causative vādayate

Root: vad (class 1)

वीणा (vīṇā) - lute, harp

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vīṇā

vīṇā - a type of stringed instrument, lute, harp

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अचक्रः (acakraḥ) - without wheels, wheel-less

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acakra

acakra - without wheels, wheel-less

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cakra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• cakra – wheel, disc
  noun (neuter)

वर्तते (vartate) - moves, turns, proceeds, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vartate

root √vṛt, 1st conjugation, ātmanepada

Root: vṛt (class 1)

रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अपतिः (apatiḥ) - husbandless, without a husband

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apati

apati - husbandless, without a master or husband

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pati)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

सुखम् (sukham) - happily, comfortably, well

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, comfort, ease

Note: Used adverbially

एधते (edhate) - prospers, grows, flourishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of edhate

root √edh, 1st conjugation, ātmanepada

Root: edh (class 1)

या (yā) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, might be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of syāt

root √as, 2nd conjugation, parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

शतात्मजा (śatātmajā) - having a hundred children/offspring

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śatātmajā

śatātmajā - having a hundred children/offspring

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+ātmajā)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• ātmajā – daughter, offspring (feminine)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

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