महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-45, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कन्यायाः प्राप्तशुल्कायाः पतिश्चेन्नास्ति कश्चन ।
तत्र का प्रतिपत्तिः स्यात्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kanyāyāḥ prāptaśulkāyāḥ patiścennāsti kaścana ,
tatra kā pratipattiḥ syāttanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kanyāyāḥ prāptaśulkāyāḥ patiḥ cet na asti
kaścana tatra kā pratipattiḥ syāt tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'Grandfather, if there is no husband for a maiden for whom the bride-price has been received, what course of action should there be in that situation? Please tell me that.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कन्यायाः (kanyāyāḥ) - of a maiden (of a maiden, of a girl)

• प्राप्तशुल्कायाः (prāptaśulkāyāḥ) - of a maiden for whom the bride-price has been received (of one who has received a bride-price)

• पतिः (patiḥ) - husband (master, lord, husband)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अस्ति (asti) - exists (is, exists)

• कश्चन (kaścana) - any (husband) (anyone, someone, any)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that situation, in that case (there, in that case)

• का (kā) - what (what, who (feminine))

• प्रतिपत्तिः (pratipattiḥ) - course of action (course of action, decision, comprehension, acquisition)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, would be, may be)

• तत् (tat) - that (course of action) (that (neuter))

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (tell, say)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (addressing Bhishma) (grandfather (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (lit. 'steady in battle')

From `yudhi` (in battle) + `sthira` (steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root used as a noun.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `sthā` (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form from root `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

कन्यायाः (kanyāyāḥ) - of a maiden (of a maiden, of a girl)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - maiden, girl, virgin

Note: Qualifies `prāptaśulkāyāḥ`.

प्राप्तशुल्कायाः (prāptaśulkāyāḥ) - of a maiden for whom the bride-price has been received (of one who has received a bride-price)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of prāptaśulkā

prāptaśulka - one who has received a bride-price/payment

Bahuvrihi compound: `prāpta` (received) + `śulka` (bride-price).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prāpta+śulka)

• prāpta – obtained, received, acquired
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `āp` with prefix `pra`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• śulka – bride-price, fee, toll, tax
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `kanyāyāḥ`.

पतिः (patiḥ) - husband (master, lord, husband)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner

`i`-stem noun.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of `asti`.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates `asti`.

अस्ति (asti) - exists (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present tense, 3rd person singular

From root `as`.

Root: as (class 2)

कश्चन (kaścana) - any (husband) (anyone, someone, any)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścana

kaścana - any, someone, anyone (indefinite pronoun)

From `kim` (what) + `cana` (indefinite particle).

Note: Qualifies `patiḥ`.

तत्र (tatra) - in that situation, in that case (there, in that case)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `tad` (that) + `tra` suffix.

का (kā) - what (what, who (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, who (interrogative pronoun)

Feminine nominative singular of `kim`.

प्रतिपत्तिः (pratipattiḥ) - course of action (course of action, decision, comprehension, acquisition)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratipatti

pratipatti - understanding, attainment, course of action, resolve

From `prati` + root `pad` (to go).

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 1)

Note: Subject of `syāt`.

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, would be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root `as`

Root: as (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (course of action) (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Neuter nominative/accusative singular.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

Enclitic dative/genitive singular of `asmad`.

Note: Indirect object of `brūhi`.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (tell, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of brū

imperative mood, 2nd person singular

From root `brū` (an alternative to `vac`).

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (addressing Bhishma) (grandfather (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father), Brahma

From `pitṛ` (father) + `maha` (great/old).

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