महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-353, verse-2

स तेन कृतसंस्कारो धर्ममेवोपतस्थिवान् ।
तथैव च कथामेतां राजन्कथितवांस्तदा ॥२॥

2. sa tena kṛtasaṁskāro dharmamevopatasthivān ,
tathaiva ca kathāmetāṁ rājankathitavāṁstadā.

2. saḥ tena kṛtasaṃskāraḥ dharmam eva upatasthivān
tathā eva ca kathām etām rājan kathitavān tadā

2. saḥ tena kṛtasaṃskāraḥ tadā dharmam eva upatasthivān
ca tathā eva rājan etām kathām kathitavān

2. He, having undergone the rites of purification (saṃskāra) performed by him, then steadfastly followed the natural law (dharma). Similarly, O king, he narrated this very story.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the person (likely a protagonist from context) who underwent the rites (he, that one)

• तेन (tena) - by the one who performed the purification rites (implied to be Paraśurāma, from context) (by him, by that)

• कृतसंस्कारः (kṛtasaṁskāraḥ) - one who has undergone the prescribed rites of purification or initiation (saṃskāra) (one who has performed rites, consecrated, purified)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the righteous duty or natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes 'dharma' – only the natural law (only, indeed, just)

• उपतस्थिवान् (upatasthivān) - steadfastly followed or adhered to (the dharma) (approached, stood by, followed, worshipped)

• तथा (tathā) - in the same manner (thus, so, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes 'tathā' - exactly in the same way (only, indeed, just)

• च (ca) - and also, introducing the next part of the narrative (and, also)

• कथाम् (kathām) - this particular story that is being recounted (story, narrative)

• एताम् (etām) - this (referring to the story) (this)

• राजन् (rājan) - vocative address to a king (e.g., Janaka or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) by the current narrator (O king)

• कथितवान् (kathitavān) - he (the subject 'saḥ') narrated (this story) (he narrated, he told)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that point in the sequence of events (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the person (likely a protagonist from context) who underwent the rites (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेन (tena) - by the one who performed the purification rites (implied to be Paraśurāma, from context) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कृतसंस्कारः (kṛtasaṁskāraḥ) - one who has undergone the prescribed rites of purification or initiation (saṃskāra) (one who has performed rites, consecrated, purified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtasaṃskāra

kṛtasaṁskāra - one who has performed rites, consecrated, purified, refined

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+saṃskāra)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• saṃskāra – rite, ceremony, purification, impression, mental faculty
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the righteous duty or natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - emphasizes 'dharma' – only the natural law (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

उपतस्थिवान् (upatasthivān) - steadfastly followed or adhered to (the dharma) (approached, stood by, followed, worshipped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upatasthivat

upatasthivat - one who has approached/stood by/followed/worshipped

Perfect Active Participle

from root sthā (to stand) with upasarga upa and prefix ā (standing by)

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb in the sentence.

तथा (tathā) - in the same manner (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes 'tathā' - exactly in the same way (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and also, introducing the next part of the narrative (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कथाम् (kathām) - this particular story that is being recounted (story, narrative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, discourse

from root kath (to tell)

Root: kath (class 10)

एताम् (etām) - this (referring to the story) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Agrees in gender, number, and case with 'kathām'.

राजन् (rājan) - vocative address to a king (e.g., Janaka or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) by the current narrator (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

कथितवान् (kathitavān) - he (the subject 'saḥ') narrated (this story) (he narrated, he told)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kathitavat

kathitavat - one who has narrated/told

Past Active Participle

from root kath (to tell)

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Functions as the main verb in the sentence.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that point in the sequence of events (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)