योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-89, verse-28

अपृच्छत ततो राजा खिन्नौ स्थो न तु दुर्मती ।
तावूचतुर्महीपाल जलाशयसमुद्धृतौ ॥ २८ ॥

apṛcchata tato rājā khinnau stho na tu durmatī ,
tāvūcaturmahīpāla jalāśayasamuddhṛtau 28

28. apṛcchata tataḥ rājā khinnau sthaḥ na tu
durmatī tau ūcatuḥ mahīpāla jalāśayasamuddhṛtau

28. tataḥ rājā apṛcchata.
"khinnau sthaḥ,
tu durmatī na (sthaḥ).
" jalāśayasamuddhṛtau tau mahīpāla ūcatuḥ.

28. The king then asked, "You two seem distressed, yet you are not wicked." Those two, who had been rescued from a body of water, replied to the king.

Words meanings summery:

• अपृच्छत (apṛcchata) - asked, inquired

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thence

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• खिन्नौ (khinnau) - Refers to the two individuals who appear sorrowful. (distressed, sad, weary)

• स्थः (sthaḥ) - you two are

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• दुर्मती (durmatī) - Describes the character of the two individuals as not being wicked. (evil-minded, wicked, foolish)

• तौ (tau) - Refers to the two individuals who were just addressed. (those two, they two)

• ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - they two said, they two spoke

• महीपाल (mahīpāla) - Used as a direct address to the king. (O king, O protector of the earth)

• जलाशयसमुद्धृतौ (jalāśayasamuddhṛtau) - Refers to the two individuals who had been taken out of a water source. (rescued from a water-reservoir, drawn out of a pond)

Words meanings and morphology

अपृच्छत (apṛcchata) - asked, inquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Atmanepada, imperfect tense, with upasarga 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thence

(indeclinable)

Formed from the pronoun 'tad' (that) with the suffix -tas.

Root: tad

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

खिन्नौ (khinnau) - Refers to the two individuals who appear sorrowful. (distressed, sad, weary)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of khinna

khinna - distressed, sorrowful, weary, sad, depressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √khid (to be distressed, depressed) + -kta (P.P.P. suffix).

Root: khid (class 7)

Note: Can be nominative or accusative dual, masculine. Context suggests nominative.

स्थः (sthaḥ) - you two are

(verb)

2nd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

2nd person dual, present tense, Parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The form `stho` in the original verse is a sandhi form of `sthaḥ`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle.

दुर्मती (durmatī) - Describes the character of the two individuals as not being wicked. (evil-minded, wicked, foolish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, wicked, foolish, having bad thoughts

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'dus' (bad, evil) + 'mati' (mind, thought).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+mati)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  prefix
  Negative or pejorative prefix.
• mati – mind, thought, intelligence, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from √man (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

तौ (tau) - Refers to the two individuals who were just addressed. (those two, they two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this, those

ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - they two said, they two spoke

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person dual, perfect tense, Parasmaipada. Irregular perfect formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

महीपाल (mahīpāla) - Used as a direct address to the king. (O king, O protector of the earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - protector of the earth, king, ruler

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'mahī' (earth) + 'pāla' (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

जलाशयसमुद्धृतौ (jalāśayasamuddhṛtau) - Refers to the two individuals who had been taken out of a water source. (rescued from a water-reservoir, drawn out of a pond)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jalāśayasamuddhṛta

jalāśayasamuddhṛta - rescued from a water-reservoir, drawn out of a pond/lake

Past Passive Participle (within a compound)

Compound: 'jalāśaya' (water-reservoir) + 'samuddhṛta' (rescued, drawn out).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jalāśaya+samuddhṛta)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āśaya – reservoir, receptacle, abode, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√śī (to lie, rest in) or ā-√śaya (to collect).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)
• samuddhṛta – rescued, drawn out, lifted up, extracted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √dhṛ (to hold) with upasargas 'sam-' and 'ud-' + -kta (P.P.P. suffix).
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

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