योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-56, verse-5

बहुनात्र किमुक्तेन तनुदेशेन तं जहौ ।
प्राणः पिपतिषुं वृक्षं स्वं पक्षीवान्तरिक्षगः ॥ ५ ॥

bahunātra kimuktena tanudeśena taṃ jahau ,
prāṇaḥ pipatiṣuṃ vṛkṣaṃ svaṃ pakṣīvāntarikṣagaḥ 5

5. bahunā atra kim uktena tanudeśena tam jahau prāṇaḥ
pipatiṣum vṛkṣam svam pakṣī iva antarikṣagaḥ

5. atra bahunā uktena kim? prāṇaḥ tanudeśena tam jahau iva antarikṣagaḥ pakṣī svam pipatiṣum vṛkṣam.

5. What more needs to be said here? The life-force abandoned that body from its physical location, just as a bird, a sky-dweller, would abandon its own tree that is about to fall.

Words meanings summery:

• बहुना (bahunā) - by much (speaking) (by much, with much, by many)

• अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this matter, in this context)

• किम् (kim) - what (is the use) (what, why, how, is it?)

• उक्तेन (uktena) - by speaking (much) (by what is said, by speaking, by means of words)

• तनुदेशेन (tanudeśena) - from its physical location (the body) (from the region of the body, from the body part)

• तम् (tam) - that (body) (him, that, it)

• जहौ (jahau) - abandoned, left (abandoned, left, renounced)

• प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - the life-force (life-breath, vital air, life-force)

• पिपतिषुम् (pipatiṣum) - about to fall (desirous of falling, about to fall, intending to fall)

• वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - tree

• स्वम् (svam) - its own (one's own, my own, his own)

• पक्षी (pakṣī) - a bird (bird, winged creature)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as if, similar to)

• अन्तरिक्षगः (antarikṣagaḥ) - a sky-dweller (sky-goer, moving in the air/sky)

Words meanings and morphology

बहुना (bahunā) - by much (speaking) (by much, with much, by many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Refers to 'much talking' or 'many words'.

अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this matter, in this context)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what (is the use) (what, why, how, is it?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how, whether

उक्तेन (uktena) - by speaking (much) (by what is said, by speaking, by means of words)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

PPC of root 'vac' (to speak), irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used here like a verbal noun, 'by means of what has been said'.

तनुदेशेन (tanudeśena) - from its physical location (the body) (from the region of the body, from the body part)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tanudeśa

tanudeśa - region of the body, body part, physical location

Compound of 'tanu' (body) and 'deśa' (place, region).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tanu+deśa)

• tanu – body, limb; slender, delicate
  noun (feminine)
• deśa – place, region, country, locality
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used with verbs of movement away from, implying a separation.

तम् (tam) - that (body) (him, that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Masculine for the implicit 'body' or 'person' from the previous verse.

जहौ (jahau) - abandoned, left (abandoned, left, renounced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of hā

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'hā'.

Root: hā (class 3)

प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - the life-force (life-breath, vital air, life-force)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇa

prāṇa - life-breath, vital air, life-force, breath

From 'pra' (forth) + 'an' (to breathe).

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

पिपतिषुम् (pipatiṣum) - about to fall (desirous of falling, about to fall, intending to fall)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pipatiṣu

pipatiṣu - desirous of falling, about to fall, intending to fall

Desiderative Active Participle

From desiderative stem of root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Describes the tree.

वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

स्वम् (svam) - its own (one's own, my own, his own)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self, own people/property

पक्षी (pakṣī) - a bird (bird, winged creature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

From 'pakṣa' (wing) + 'in' suffix.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

अन्तरिक्षगः (antarikṣagaḥ) - a sky-dweller (sky-goer, moving in the air/sky)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antarikṣaga

antarikṣaga - sky-goer, moving in the air/sky

Compound of 'antarikṣa' (atmosphere, sky) and 'ga' (going, moving). 'ga' is from root 'gam'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (antarikṣa+ga)

• antarikṣa – sky, atmosphere, space
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving; who or what goes
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

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