योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-19, verse-12

एकांशेनोपमानानामुपमेयसधर्मता ।
बोद्धव्यं बोध्यबोधाय न स्थेयं बोधचञ्चुना ॥ १२ ॥

ekāṃśenopamānānāmupameyasadharmatā ,
boddhavyaṃ bodhyabodhāya na stheyaṃ bodhacañcunā 12

12. ekāṃśena upamānānām upameya-sadharma-tā boddhavyam
bodhya-bodhāya na stheyam bodha-cañcunā

12. upamānānām upameya-sadharma-tā ekāṃśena boddhavyam.
bodhya-bodhāya (idam) boddhavyam.
bodha-cañcunā na stheyam.

12. The similarity of qualities between the objects of comparison (upamāna) and the thing to be compared (upameya) should be understood only in a single aspect. This is to be known for the sake of understanding what is to be taught, and one should not dwell with a merely superficial intellect.

Words meanings summery:

• एकांशेन (ekāṁśena) - in a single, specific aspect (of a comparison) (by a single part, in one respect, in one aspect)

• उपमानानाम् (upamānānām) - of the illustrative examples or standards of comparison (upamāna) (of the standards of comparison, of the things used for comparison (upamāna))

• उपमेय-सधर्म-ता (upameya-sadharma-tā) - the common characteristic shared with the thing being illustrated or described (upameya) (similarity of attributes with the thing to be compared (upameya))

• बोद्धव्यम् (boddhavyam) - should be understood (should be understood, is to be known)

• बोध्य-बोधाय (bodhya-bodhāya) - for the sake of grasping the true meaning or essence (which is to be understood) (for the understanding of what is to be understood, for the knowledge of the knowable)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स्थेयम् (stheyam) - should (not) remain, should (not) dwell (should be stood, should be remained, should be settled)

• बोध-चञ्चुना (bodha-cañcunā) - by one who possesses only a superficial or merely agile intellect (by one with an agile/quick intellect, by a superficially clever person)

Words meanings and morphology

एकांशेन (ekāṁśena) - in a single, specific aspect (of a comparison) (by a single part, in one respect, in one aspect)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekāṃśa

ekāṁśa - a single part, one share, one aspect

Compound: 'eka' (one) + 'aṃśa' (part)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+aṃśa)

• eka – one, single, sole
  numeral (masculine)
• aṃśa – part, portion, share, aspect
  noun (masculine)

उपमानानाम् (upamānānām) - of the illustrative examples or standards of comparison (upamāna) (of the standards of comparison, of the things used for comparison (upamāna))

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of upamāna

upamāna - comparison, simile, standard of comparison, example

From root mā with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: mā (class 3)

उपमेय-सधर्म-ता (upameya-sadharma-tā) - the common characteristic shared with the thing being illustrated or described (upameya) (similarity of attributes with the thing to be compared (upameya))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upameya-sadharma-tā

upameya-sadharma-tā - the state of having similar attributes as the thing to be compared

Compound: 'upameya-sadharma' (having similar attributes as upameya) + '-tā' (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (upameya-sadharma+tā)

• upameya-sadharma – having similar attributes as the upameya
  adjective (masculine)
  Bahuvrīhi compound: 'that which has sadharma with upameya'
• upameya – that which is to be compared, the subject of comparison
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root mā with prefix upa
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 3)
• sadharma – having similar qualities/properties
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound: 'sa' (with) + 'dharma' (quality)
• tā – suffix forming abstract nouns, -ness, -hood
  suffix (feminine)

Note: Subject of boddhavyam

बोद्धव्यम् (boddhavyam) - should be understood (should be understood, is to be known)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of boddhavya

boddhavya - to be understood, to be known

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root budh with suffix -tavya

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively as 'it is to be understood'

बोध्य-बोधाय (bodhya-bodhāya) - for the sake of grasping the true meaning or essence (which is to be understood) (for the understanding of what is to be understood, for the knowledge of the knowable)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bodhya-bodha

bodhya-bodha - understanding of what is to be understood

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'bodha' (understanding) of 'bodhya' (that which is to be understood)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bodhya+bodha)

• bodhya – to be understood, knowable, teachable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (kṛtya)
  From root budh with suffix -ya
  Root: budh (class 1)
• bodha – understanding, knowledge, awakening
  noun (masculine)
  From root budh
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Purpose or goal

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

स्थेयम् (stheyam) - should (not) remain, should (not) dwell (should be stood, should be remained, should be settled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of stheya

stheya - to be stood, to be stayed, to be remained, to be settled

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root sthā with suffix -eya

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally here, 'it should not be remained by...'

बोध-चञ्चुना (bodha-cañcunā) - by one who possesses only a superficial or merely agile intellect (by one with an agile/quick intellect, by a superficially clever person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bodha-cañcu

bodha-cañcu - quick in understanding, nimble-witted, superficially clever

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'one whose beak (cañcu) is in understanding (bodha)' implying superficial grasping

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bodha+cañcu)

• bodha – understanding, knowledge
  noun (masculine)
• cañcu – beak, bill; (metaphorically) superficial, glib, fluent
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agent in an impersonal passive construction

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