योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-9, verse-17

अस्त्रमस्मै कृशाश्वेन परैः परमदुर्जयम् ।
कौशिकाय पुरा दत्तं यदा राज्यं समन्वगात् ॥ १७ ॥

astramasmai kṛśāśvena paraiḥ paramadurjayam ,
kauśikāya purā dattaṃ yadā rājyaṃ samanvagāt 17

17. astram asmai kṛśāśvena paraiḥ parama-durjayam
kauśikāya purā dattam yadā rājyam samanvagāt

17. These weapons (astra), which are extremely difficult for enemies to conquer, were formerly given by Kṛśāśva to him, to Kauśika (Viśvāmitra), when he attained the kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

• अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Rāma) (to him, for this)

• कृशाश्वेन (kṛśāśvena) - by Kṛśāśva (a proper noun)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies (by enemies, by others)

• परम-दुर्जयम् (parama-durjayam) - extremely difficult to conquer

• कौशिकाय (kauśikāya) - to Kauśika (Viśvāmitra)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, anciently, in the past)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - were given (given)

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

• समन्वगात् (samanvagāt) - he attained (he attained, he followed, he obtained)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile

Root: as (class 4)

Note: nominative singular neuter, acting as the subject here.

अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Rāma) (to him, for this)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: dative singular masculine of idam

कृशाश्वेन (kṛśāśvena) - by Kṛśāśva (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛśāśva

kṛśāśva - Kṛśāśva (name of a sage, father of Astra Vidyā)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies (by enemies, by others)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme

परम-दुर्जयम् (parama-durjayam) - extremely difficult to conquer

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama-durjaya

parama-durjaya - extremely difficult to conquer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+durjaya)

• parama – supreme, utmost
  adjective
• durjaya – difficult to conquer, invincible
  adjective
  Gerundive
  formed from dur (difficult) + ji (to conquer) + yat (gerundive suffix)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: agrees with astram

कौशिकाय (kauśikāya) - to Kauśika (Viśvāmitra)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - descendant of Kuśika (an epithet for Viśvāmitra)

patronymic from Kuśika

Note: refers to Viśvāmitra

पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, anciently, in the past)

(indeclinable)

दत्तम् (dattam) - were given (given)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, presented

Past Passive Participle

formed from dā (to give) + kta (PPP suffix)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: agrees with astram. Used impersonally here with implied verb 'to be'.

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: object of samanvagāt

समन्वगात् (samanvagāt) - he attained (he attained, he followed, he obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of samanugam

formed from sam + anu + gam

Prefixes: sam+anu

Root: gam (class 1)

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