वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-98, verse-18

देवपुत्रा ऋषिसुता गन्धर्वाणां सुतास्तथा ।
राम क्षयं विदित्वा ते सर्व एव समागताः ॥१८॥

18. devaputrā ṛṣisutā gandharvāṇāṃ sutāstathā ,
rāma kṣayaṃ viditvā te sarva eva samāgatāḥ.

18. deva putrāḥ ṛṣi sutāḥ gandharvāṇām sutāḥ tathā
rāma kṣayam viditvā te sarve eva samāgatāḥ

18. rāma deva putrāḥ ṛṣi sutāḥ tathā gandharvāṇām
sutāḥ te sarve eva kṣayam viditvā samāgatāḥ

18. O Rāma, the sons of gods, the sons of sages, and likewise the sons of gandharvas—all of them, having understood your impending departure (kṣayam), have assembled here.

Words meanings summery:

• देव (deva) - god (god, divine being)

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

• ऋषि (ṛṣi) - sage (sage, seer)

• सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

• गन्धर्वाणाम् (gandharvāṇām) - of the gandharvas

• सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

• तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, likewise, and also)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma (Rāma (proper name))

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - impending departure (from earthly existence) (destruction, end, loss, decay, abode)

• विदित्वा (viditvā) - having understood (having known, having understood)

• ते (te) - they (referring to sons of gods, sages, gandharvas) (they, those (masculine/plural))

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• एव (eva) - indeed, truly (indeed, only, just)

• समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - have assembled (assembled, gathered, arrived)

Words meanings and morphology

देव (deva) - god (god, divine being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From root div (to shine)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: First part of devaputrāḥ.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Forms devaputrāḥ (sons of gods).

ऋषि (ṛṣi) - sage (sage, seer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer

Root: ṛṣ

Note: First part of ṛṣisutāḥ.

सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (originally)

From root su (to generate, press out)

Root: su (class 2)

Note: Forms ṛṣisutāḥ (sons of sages).

गन्धर्वाणाम् (gandharvāṇām) - of the gandharvas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - a class of celestial beings, musicians

Note: Possessive for 'sutāḥ'.

सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (originally)

From root su (to generate, press out)

Root: su (class 2)

Note: Agrees with gandharvāṇām.

तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, likewise, and also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the list of 'sons'.

राम (rāma) - O Rāma (Rāma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - impending departure (from earthly existence) (destruction, end, loss, decay, abode)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, end, decay, loss, abode

From root kṣi (to destroy, diminish)

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Object of viditvā.

विदित्वा (viditvā) - having understood (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Describes the action before samāgatāḥ.

ते (te) - they (referring to sons of gods, sages, gandharvas) (they, those (masculine/plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of samāgatāḥ.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with te.

एव (eva) - indeed, truly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - have assembled (assembled, gathered, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - assembled, gathered, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for te. Although morphologically passive, in such contexts, it often carries an active sense, e.g., 'they who have come'.

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