वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-22, verse-6

ततो लोकास्त्रयस्त्रस्ताः कम्पन्ते च दिवौकसः ।
कालं क्रुद्धं तदा दृष्ट्वा लोकत्रयभयावहम् ॥६॥

6. tato lokāstrayastrastāḥ kampante ca divaukasaḥ ,
kālaṃ kruddhaṃ tadā dṛṣṭvā lokatrayabhayāvaham.

6. tataḥ lokāḥ trayaḥ trastāḥ kampante ca divaukasaḥ
kālam kruddham tadā dṛṣṭvā lokatrayabhayāvaham

6. tataḥ tadā kruddham lokatrayabhayāvaham kālam
dṛṣṭvā trayaḥ lokāḥ ca divaukasaḥ trastāḥ kampante

6. Then the three worlds became terrified, and the dwellers of heaven trembled, having then seen Time (kāla) enraged, fearsome to the three worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the inhabitants of the worlds (worlds, people)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - became terrified (terrified, frightened)

• कम्पन्ते (kampante) - they tremble, they shake

• च (ca) - and, also

• दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - dwellers of heaven, gods

• कालम् (kālam) - Time (kāla), personified (Time, Death)

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angry, furious

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• लोकत्रयभयावहम् (lokatrayabhayāvaham) - fearsome to the three worlds, causing fear in the three worlds

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' with the suffix -tas.

Note: Indicates sequence in time.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the inhabitants of the worlds (worlds, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, universe

Root: lok (class 1)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'lokāḥ'.

त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - became terrified (terrified, frightened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed, afraid

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root tras (1P) 'to tremble, fear'.

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'lokāḥ'.

कम्पन्ते (kampante) - they tremble, they shake

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of kamp

Present Middle

Root kamp (1A) 'to tremble'.

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Main verb for 'lokāḥ' and 'divaukasaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - dwellers of heaven, gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - dweller in heaven, god, deity

Compound of div (heaven) and okas (abode).

Compound type : locative-tatpurusha (div+okas)

• div – heaven, sky, day
  noun (feminine)
• okas – abode, dwelling, home
  noun (neuter)
  Root: uk (class 1)

कालम् (kālam) - Time (kāla), personified (Time, Death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, death (personified), season

Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Refers to Time, personified as a fearsome deity.

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angry, furious

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root krudh (4P) 'to be angry'.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'kālam'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' with the suffix -dā.

Note: Reinforces the temporal aspect.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from the root dṛś (1P) 'to see' with the suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action to 'trembling'.

लोकत्रयभयावहम् (lokatrayabhayāvaham) - fearsome to the three worlds, causing fear in the three worlds

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lokatrayabhayāvaha

lokatrayabhayāvaha - bringing fear to the three worlds, fearsome to the three worlds

Compound type : tatpurusha (lokatraya+bhaya+āvaha)

• lokatraya – the three worlds
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of loka (world) and traya (three).
• bhaya – fear, terror, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from ā-vah 'to bring'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kālam'.

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