वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-22, verse-37

यदि ह्यस्मिन्निपतिते न म्रियेतैष राक्षसः ।
म्रियेत वा दशग्रीवस्तथाप्युभयतो ऽनृतम् ॥३७॥

37. yadi hyasminnipatite na mriyetaiṣa rākṣasaḥ ,
mriyeta vā daśagrīvastathāpyubhayato'nṛtam.

37. yadi hi asmin nipatite na mriyeta eṣaḥ rākṣasaḥ
mriyeta vā daśagrīvaḥ tathā api ubhayataḥ anṛtam

37. yadi hi asmin nipatite eṣaḥ rākṣasaḥ na mriyeta vā
daśagrīvaḥ mriyeta tathā api ubhayataḥ anṛtam (asti)

37. For if this rākṣasa (Rāvaṇa) does not die when this (staff) falls upon him, or if Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa) does die, in either case, it would be a double untruth.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this, on this

• निपतिते (nipatite) - having fallen, when fallen, upon falling

• न (na) - not

• म्रियेत (mriyeta) - would die, should die

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon Rāvaṇa (rākṣasa, demon)

• म्रियेत (mriyeta) - would die, should die

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the ten-headed rākṣasa king (Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa))

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, even so

• अपि (api) - even, also

• उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - from both sides, in both cases, on both counts

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie, untrue

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this, on this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the 'kāladaṇḍa' (staff).

निपतिते (nipatite) - having fallen, when fallen, upon falling

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen down, descended, having fallen upon

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: In locative absolute construction with 'asmin'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'mriyeta'.

म्रियेत (mriyeta) - would die, should die

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Expresses a hypothetical condition.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the rākṣasa.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon Rāvaṇa (rākṣasa, demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa

Note: Subject of the first conditional clause.

म्रियेत (mriyeta) - would die, should die

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Expresses a hypothetical condition.

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two conditional clauses.

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the ten-headed rākṣasa king (Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked, (epithet of) Rāvaṇa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśan+grīvā)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the second conditional clause.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, even so

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the consequence.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic, 'even then'.

उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - from both sides, in both cases, on both counts

(indeclinable)

From ubhaya (both) + suffix tas (from, in terms of)

Note: Modifies 'anṛtam'.

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie, untrue

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untrue, false, falsehood, lie

Negation of ṛta (truth, cosmic order)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative, implies 'it is a falsehood'.

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