वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-22, verse-36

तन्न खल्वेष ते सौम्य पात्यो राक्षसमूर्धनि ।
न ह्यस्मिन्पतिते कश्चिन्मुहूर्तमपि जीवति ॥३६॥

36. tanna khalveṣa te saumya pātyo rākṣasamūrdhani ,
na hyasminpatite kaścinmuhūrtamapi jīvati.

36. tat na khalu eṣaḥ te saumya pātyaḥ rākṣasamūrdhani
na hi asmin patite kaścit muhūrtam api jīvati

36. saumya tat eṣaḥ te rākṣasamūrdhani na khalu pātyaḥ
hi asmin patite kaścit muhūrtam api na jīvati

36. Therefore, indeed, gentle one, this (staff) should not be cast by you upon the head of the rākṣasa. For, when this (staff) falls, no one lives even for a moment.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore, that

• न (na) - not

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely, truly

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• ते (te) - by you (singular), to you, for you, your

• सौम्य (saumya) - gentle one, placid one, O gentle one (vocative)

• पात्यः (pātyaḥ) - to be cast, to be thrown, should be made to fall

• राक्षसमूर्धनि (rākṣasamūrdhani) - upon the head of the rākṣasa

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this, on this

• पतिते (patite) - having fallen, when fallen, upon falling

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short while

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore, that

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous statement.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the action 'pātyaḥ'.

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely, truly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, here giving a prohibitive sense.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the 'kāladaṇḍa'.

ते (te) - by you (singular), to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Used here with an instrumental sense in the passive construction ('by you').

सौम्य (saumya) - gentle one, placid one, O gentle one (vocative)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, placid, moon-like, O gentle one

Note: Address to the listener.

पात्यः (pātyaḥ) - to be cast, to be thrown, should be made to fall

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātya

pātya - to be thrown, to be felled, to be cast down

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From causative of root pat (to fall) -> pātayati -> pātya

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'eṣaḥ'.

राक्षसमूर्धनि (rākṣasamūrdhani) - upon the head of the rākṣasa

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rākṣasamūrdhan

rākṣasamūrdhan - head of a rākṣasa

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+mūrdhan)

• rākṣasa – demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location where the action should not take place.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'jīvati'.

हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Explains the previous statement.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this, on this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the 'kāladaṇḍa' (staff).

पतिते (patite) - having fallen, when fallen, upon falling

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, occurred

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: In locative absolute construction with 'asmin'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - anyone, someone, a certain person

Pronoun kim + particle cit

Note: Subject of 'jīvati'.

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short while

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time, a particular division of time

Note: Adverbial accusative of duration.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'muhūrtam'.

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

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