वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-22, verse-31

ततो विदुद्रुवुः सर्वे सत्त्वास्तस्माद् रणाजिरात् ।
सुराश्च क्षुभिता दृष्ट्वा कालदण्डोद्यतं यमम् ॥३१॥

31. tato vidudruvuḥ sarve sattvāstasmād raṇājirāt ,
surāśca kṣubhitā dṛṣṭvā kāladaṇḍodyataṃ yamam.

31. tataḥ vidudruvuḥ sarve sattvāḥ tasmāt raṇājirāt
surāḥ ca kṣubhitāḥ dṛṣṭvā kāladaṇḍodyatam yamam

31. tataḥ sarve sattvāḥ tasmāt raṇājirāt vidudruvuḥ
ca surāḥ kāladaṇḍodyatam yamam dṛṣṭvā kṣubhitāḥ

31. All beings then fled from that battlefield, and the gods too became agitated upon seeing Yama with his staff of time (kāladaṇḍa) uplifted.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from there

• विदुद्रुवुः (vidudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• सत्त्वाः (sattvāḥ) - beings, creatures, living entities

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that

• रणाजिरात् (raṇājirāt) - from the battlefield

• सुराः (surāḥ) - gods

• च (ca) - and, also

• क्षुभिताः (kṣubhitāḥ) - agitated, disturbed, shaken

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कालदण्डोद्यतम् (kāladaṇḍodyatam) - Whose staff of time (kāladaṇḍa) was uplifted; referring to Yama (with the staff of time/death uplifted)

• यमम् (yamam) - Yama, the god of death (Yama)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from there

(indeclinable)

विदुद्रुवुः (vidudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of dru

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, entire, every

सत्त्वाः (sattvāḥ) - beings, creatures, living entities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sattva

sattva - being, creature, existence, essence

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रणाजिरात् (raṇājirāt) - from the battlefield

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, arena of war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, war, conflict
  noun (neuter)
• ajira – courtyard, open ground, arena
  noun (neuter)

सुराः (surāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

क्षुभिताः (kṣubhitāḥ) - agitated, disturbed, shaken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣubhita

kṣubhita - agitated, disturbed, shaken

Past Passive Participle

From the root 'kṣubh' (to be agitated, to shake)

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix '-tvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कालदण्डोद्यतम् (kāladaṇḍodyatam) - Whose staff of time (kāladaṇḍa) was uplifted; referring to Yama (with the staff of time/death uplifted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāladaṇḍodyata

kāladaṇḍodyata - having the staff of time uplifted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāladaṇḍa+udyata)

• kāladaṇḍa – staff of time, staff of death
  noun (masculine)
• udyata – uplifted, raised, ready
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yam' (to restrain, hold) with prefix 'ud-'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)

यमम् (yamam) - Yama, the god of death (Yama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (the god of death), restraint, self-control

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