वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-22, verse-3

तस्य सूतो रथं दिव्यमुपस्थाप्य महास्वनम् ।
स्थितः स च महातेजा आरुरोह महारथम् ॥३॥

3. tasya sūto rathaṃ divyamupasthāpya mahāsvanam ,
sthitaḥ sa ca mahātejā āruroha mahāratham.

3. tasya sūtaḥ ratham divyam upasthāpya mahāsvanam
sthitaḥ saḥ ca mahātejāḥ āruroha mahāratham

3. tasya sūtaḥ divyam mahāsvanam ratham upasthāpya
sthitaḥ ca saḥ mahātejāḥ mahāratham āruroha

3. His charioteer, having brought forth the magnificent and loud-sounding chariot, stood ready. And he, the greatly radiant one, ascended that great chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (referring to the main subject, likely Yama) (his, of that)

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - charioteer

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, celestial, magnificent

• उपस्थाप्य (upasthāpya) - having brought forth (having brought near, having made stand, having presented)

• महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - the loud-sounding (chariot) (very loud, making a great sound)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - stood ready (stood, standing, situated)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the greatly radiant one) (he, that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - the greatly radiant one (greatly radiant, highly energetic, very glorious)

• आरुरोह (āruroha) - he ascended, he mounted

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great chariot

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him (referring to the main subject, likely Yama) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, son, bard

Root: sū (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, celestial, magnificent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, magnificent, wonderful

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

उपस्थाप्य (upasthāpya) - having brought forth (having brought near, having made stand, having presented)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from upasthā (upa + sthā) with the causative suffix -āpi and the absolutive suffix -ya.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - the loud-sounding (chariot) (very loud, making a great sound)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - making a great sound, loud, noisy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - stood ready (stood, standing, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, firm, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root sthā 'to stand'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe the charioteer.

सः (saḥ) - he (the greatly radiant one) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the main subject, likely Yama (Death deity).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - the greatly radiant one (greatly radiant, highly energetic, very glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - greatly radiant, very glorious, highly energetic, having great splendor

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tejas – radiance, brilliance, energy, glory, sharp edge
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

आरुरोह (āruroha) - he ascended, he mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āruh

Perfect Active

Root ruh (1P) with prefix ā. Reduplicated perfect form.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great chariot, a great warrior (one who fights from a great chariot)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the same chariot mentioned earlier but emphasizes its greatness.

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