वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-22, verse-23

एते चान्ये च बहवो बलवन्तो दुरासदाः ।
विनिपन्ना मया दृष्टाः का चिन्तास्मिन्निशाचरे ॥२३॥

23. ete cānye ca bahavo balavanto durāsadāḥ ,
vinipannā mayā dṛṣṭāḥ kā cintāsminniśācare.

23. ete ca anye ca bahavaḥ balavantaḥ durāsadāḥ |
vinipannā mayā dṛṣṭāḥ kā cintā asmin niśācare

23. mayā ete ca anye ca bahavaḥ balavantaḥ durāsadāḥ
vinipannā dṛṣṭāḥ asmin niśācare kā cintā

23. I have seen these and many other mighty, formidable beings fallen. What concern can there be about this night-stalker (demon)?

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• च (ca) - and

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• च (ca) - and

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - strong, powerful, mighty

• दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - difficult to approach, unassailable, formidable

• विनिपन्ना (vinipannā) - fallen, perished, defeated

• मया (mayā) - by me

• दृष्टाः (dṛṣṭāḥ) - seen

• का (kā) - what, what kind of

• चिन्ता (cintā) - worry, concern, thought

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• निशाचरे (niśācare) - night-wanderer, demon

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - others

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous

बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - strong, powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty

दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - difficult to approach, unassailable, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, unassailable, formidable

Gerundive

Derived from prefix 'dur-' (difficult) and 'ā-√sad' (to approach), forming a gerundive meaning 'difficult to be approached'.

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

विनिपन्ना (vinipannā) - fallen, perished, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinipanna

vinipanna - fallen, descended, perished, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root √pat (to fall) with prefixes vi- and ni-.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of mad

mad - I, me

दृष्टाः (dṛṣṭāḥ) - seen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

का (kā) - what, what kind of

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

चिन्ता (cintā) - worry, concern, thought

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cintā

cintā - thought, anxiety, worry, concern

Root: cit (class 10)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

निशाचरे (niśācare) - night-wanderer, demon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rakṣasa

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, wanderer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From √car (to move) with suffix -a.
  Root: car (class 1)

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