वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-22, verse-11

रावणस्तु स्थितः स्वस्थः शरवर्षं मुमोच ह ।
तस्मिन् वैवस्वतरथे तोयवर्षमिवाम्बुदः ॥११॥

11. rāvaṇastu sthitaḥ svasthaḥ śaravarṣaṃ mumoca ha ,
tasmin vaivasvatarathe toyavarṣamivāmbudaḥ.

11. rāvaṇaḥ tu sthitaḥ svasthaḥ śaravarṣam mumoca ha
tasmin vaivasvatarathe toyavarṣam iva ambudaḥ

11. rāvaṇaḥ svasthaḥ sthitaḥ śaravarṣam mumoca ha
tasmin vaivasvatarathe ambudaḥ iva toyavarṣam

11. But Rāvaṇa, standing composed, discharged a shower of arrows. He was like a cloud pouring down water onto that chariot belonging to Yama, the son of Vivasvat.

Words meanings summery:

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - The demon king Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (composed) (standing, situated, firm, fixed)

• स्वस्थः (svasthaḥ) - composed, self-possessed (self-possessed, healthy, composed, confident)

• शरवर्षम् (śaravarṣam) - a shower of arrows (rain of arrows, shower of arrows)

• मुमोच (mumoca) - discharged (he released, he discharged, he threw)

• ह (ha) - indeed (as an emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, oh!)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (in that, on that)

• वैवस्वतरथे (vaivasvatarathe) - in the chariot of Yama (in the chariot of Vaivasvata (Yama))

• तोयवर्षम् (toyavarṣam) - a rain of water, downpour (rain of water, shower of water)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - a cloud (cloud (giver of water))

Words meanings and morphology

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - The demon king Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (a celebrated demon king)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (composed) (standing, situated, firm, fixed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, located, fixed, firm, existing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāvaṇa.

स्वस्थः (svasthaḥ) - composed, self-possessed (self-possessed, healthy, composed, confident)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svastha

svastha - self-possessed, healthy, at ease, confident, composed

Compound of sva (own) + stha (standing)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sva+stha)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  pronoun
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāvaṇa.

शरवर्षम् (śaravarṣam) - a shower of arrows (rain of arrows, shower of arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - rain of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound of śara (arrow) + varṣa (rain)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, showering
  noun (masculine)
  From root vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of mumoca.

मुमोच (mumoca) - discharged (he released, he discharged, he threw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of muc

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of muc- (6th class)

Root: muc (class 6)

ह (ha) - indeed (as an emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, oh!)

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to vaivasvatarathe.

वैवस्वतरथे (vaivasvatarathe) - in the chariot of Yama (in the chariot of Vaivasvata (Yama))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaivasvataratha

vaivasvataratha - chariot of Vaivasvata (Yama)

Compound of Vaivasvata (son of Vivasvat, name of Yama) + ratha (chariot)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaivasvata+ratha)

• vaivasvata – son of Vivasvat (the sun god), epithet of Yama
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from Vivasvat
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  From root rath (to go)
  Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Refers to the chariot that Yama was riding.

तोयवर्षम् (toyavarṣam) - a rain of water, downpour (rain of water, shower of water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of toyavarṣa

toyavarṣa - rain of water, shower of water

Compound of toya (water) + varṣa (rain)

Compound type : tatpurusha (toya+varṣa)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
  From root tu (to grow, to be strong)
  Root: tu (class 1)
• varṣa – rain, showering
  noun (masculine)
  From root vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Here used adverbially, 'like a rain of water.'

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - a cloud (cloud (giver of water))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud, giver of water

Compound of ambu (water) + da (giver, from root dā 'to give')

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambu+da)

• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
  From root tu (to grow, to be strong)
• da – giving, bestowing, giver
  adjective
  Suffix -da, from root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the simile.

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