वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-85, verse-13

स ददर्श ततः क्रुद्धः परिघं पतितं भुवि ।
आविध्य तु स तं दीप्तं परिघं तस्य दर्शयन् ।
परिघाग्रेण वेगेन जघानास्य हयोत्तमान् ॥१३॥

13. sa dadarśa tataḥ kruddhaḥ parighaṃ patitaṃ bhuvi ,
āvidhya tu sa taṃ dīptaṃ parighaṃ tasya darśayan ,
parighāgreṇa vegena jaghānāsya hayottamān.

13. saḥ dadarśa tataḥ kruddhaḥ parigham
patitam bhuvi āvidhya tu saḥ tam
dīptam parigham tasya darśayan
parighāgreṇa vegena jaghāna asya hayottamān

13. Then, enraged, he saw an iron club (parigha) lying on the ground. Having then swiftly swung that glowing iron club (parigha), and showing it to him, he struck his excellent horses with the end of the club, with great force.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Sugriva) (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he beheld)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged, furious)

• परिघम् (parigham) - an iron club (parigha) (an iron club, a mace, a bolt)

• पतितम् (patitam) - lying (fallen) (fallen, dropped, descended)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• आविध्य (āvidhya) - having swiftly swung (having swung, having whirled, having struck)

• तु (tu) - then (but, indeed, yet)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Sugriva) (he, that)

• तम् (tam) - that (mace) (that, him, it)

• दीप्तम् (dīptam) - glowing (blazing, shining, glowing, brilliant)

• परिघम् (parigham) - an iron club (parigha) (an iron club, a mace)

• तस्य (tasya) - to him (Mahodara) (his, of him, to him)

• दर्शयन् (darśayan) - showing (it) (showing, displaying, causing to see)

• परिघाग्रेण (parighāgreṇa) - with the end of the club (with the tip/end of the mace/club)

• वेगेन (vegena) - with great force (with speed, with force, with impetus)

• जघान (jaghāna) - he struck (he struck, he killed, he smote)

• अस्य (asya) - his (Mahodara's) (his, of him, of this)

• हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - his excellent horses (the best horses, excellent horses)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Sugriva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sugriva.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Tense

From √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Parasmaipada form.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, wrathful, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Sugriva).

परिघम् (parigham) - an iron club (parigha) (an iron club, a mace, a bolt)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parigha

parigha - an iron club, mace, bolt, obstacle

Prefix: pari

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

पतितम् (patitam) - lying (fallen) (fallen, dropped, descended)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

Past Passive Participle

From √pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'parigham'.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

Note: Locative of 'bhū'.

आविध्य (āvidhya) - having swiftly swung (having swung, having whirled, having struck)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √vyadh (to pierce, strike) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: vyadh (class 4)

तु (tu) - then (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सः (saḥ) - he (Sugriva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sugriva.

तम् (tam) - that (mace) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine accusative singular, refers to 'parigham'.

दीप्तम् (dīptam) - glowing (blazing, shining, glowing, brilliant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - shining, blazing, glowing, splendid

Past Passive Participle

From √dīp (to shine)

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'parigham'.

परिघम् (parigham) - an iron club (parigha) (an iron club, a mace)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parigha

parigha - an iron club, mace, bolt, obstacle

Prefix: pari

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of 'āvidhya' and 'darśayan'.

तस्य (tasya) - to him (Mahodara) (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Dative case indicating direction for 'darśayan', referring to Mahodara.

दर्शयन् (darśayan) - showing (it) (showing, displaying, causing to see)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darśayat

darśayat - showing, causing to see

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From √dṛś (to see) in causative form (darśaya) with śatṛ suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Sugriva).

परिघाग्रेण (parighāgreṇa) - with the end of the club (with the tip/end of the mace/club)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of parighāgra

parighāgra - the tip or end of a mace or iron club

Compound type : tatpurusha (parigha+agra)

• parigha – an iron club, mace
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, front, end
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrument of striking.

वेगेन (vegena) - with great force (with speed, with force, with impetus)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impetuosity

Note: Adverbial use of instrumental.

जघान (jaghāna) - he struck (he struck, he killed, he smote)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect Tense

From √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Parasmaipada form.

अस्य (asya) - his (Mahodara's) (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Masculine genitive singular, refers to Mahodara.

हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - his excellent horses (the best horses, excellent horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - excellent horses, the best of horses

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective

Note: Object of 'jaghāna'.

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