वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-85, verse-12

तां तु भिन्नां शिलां दृष्ट्वा सुग्रीवः क्रोधमूर्छितः ।
सालमुत्पाट्य चिक्षेप रक्षसे रणमूर्धनि ।
शरैश्च विददारैनं शूरः परपुरंजयः ॥१२॥

12. tāṃ tu bhinnāṃ śilāṃ dṛṣṭvā sugrīvaḥ krodhamūrchitaḥ ,
sālamutpāṭya cikṣepa rakṣase raṇamūrdhani ,
śaraiśca vidadārainaṃ śūraḥ parapuraṃjayaḥ.

12. tām tu bhinnām śilām dṛṣṭvā sugrīvaḥ
krodhamūrcitaḥ sālam utpāṭya
cikṣepa rakṣase raṇamūrdhani śaraiḥ
ca vidadāra enam śūraḥ parapurañjayaḥ

12. But upon seeing that broken rock, Sugriva, maddened with rage, uprooted a sala tree and hurled it at the (rakṣasa) in the forefront of the battle. And that hero, conqueror of enemy cities, also pierced him with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (rock) (that, her, it)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

• भिन्नाम् (bhinnām) - broken (broken, split, shattered)

• शिलाम् (śilām) - rock (stone, rock)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (proper name) (Sugriva (king of the monkeys))

• क्रोधमूर्चितः (krodhamūrcitaḥ) - maddened with rage (overcome with anger, faint from rage, maddened with rage)

• सालम् (sālam) - a sala tree

• उत्पाट्य (utpāṭya) - having uprooted (having uprooted, having extracted)

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - hurled (he threw, he cast, he hurled)

• रक्षसे (rakṣase) - at the (rakṣasa) (to the Rākṣasa, for the Rākṣasa)

• रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - in the forefront of the battle (at the head of the battle, on the battlefield)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (with arrows, by arrows)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विददार (vidadāra) - pierced (he pierced, he split, he tore)

• एनम् (enam) - him (the rakṣasa) (him, this one)

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - the hero (hero, warrior, brave)

• परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - conqueror of enemy cities (conqueror of enemy cities, victor over foes)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (rock) (that, her, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Feminine accusative singular form of 'tad' referring to 'śilām'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

भिन्नाम् (bhinnām) - broken (broken, split, shattered)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhinna

bhinna - broken, split, pierced, differentiated

Past Passive Participle

From √bhid (to break, split)

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'śilām'.

शिलाम् (śilām) - rock (stone, rock)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śilā

śilā - a stone, rock, slab

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (proper name) (Sugriva (king of the monkeys))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king); having a beautiful neck

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, beautiful
  indeclinable
• grīva – neck
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

क्रोधमूर्चितः (krodhamūrcitaḥ) - maddened with rage (overcome with anger, faint from rage, maddened with rage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhamūrcita

krodhamūrcita - overcome with anger, stupefied by rage

Compound type : tatpurusha (krodha+mūrcita)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
• mūrcita – fainted, overcome, stupefied, intoxicated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √mūrcch (to faint, grow thick)
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sugrīvaḥ'.

सालम् (sālam) - a sala tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāla

sāla - the sāla tree (Shorea robusta)

Note: Object of 'utpāṭya' and 'cikṣepa'.

उत्पाट्य (utpāṭya) - having uprooted (having uprooted, having extracted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √paṭ (to cleave) with prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: paṭ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive.

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - hurled (he threw, he cast, he hurled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of kṣip

Perfect Tense

From √kṣip (to throw)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Parasmaipada form.

रक्षसे (rakṣase) - at the (rakṣasa) (to the Rākṣasa, for the Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - a Rākṣasa, a demon

Note: Dative case indicates the recipient or target.

रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - in the forefront of the battle (at the head of the battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇamūrdhan

raṇamūrdhan - the forefront of battle, the battlefield

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+mūrdhan)

• raṇa – battle, fight
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top, front
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the location of the action.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (with arrows, by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

विददार (vidadāra) - pierced (he pierced, he split, he tore)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vidṛ

Perfect Tense

From √dṛ (to tear, burst) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Parasmaipada form.

एनम् (enam) - him (the rakṣasa) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, he, him

Note: Masculine accusative singular, refers to the Rākṣasa.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - the hero (hero, warrior, brave)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - a hero, warrior, brave, mighty

Note: Refers to Sugriva.

परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - conqueror of enemy cities (conqueror of enemy cities, victor over foes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parapurañjaya

parapurañjaya - conquering enemy cities, victor over foes

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (para+pura+√ji)

• para – other, enemy, hostile
  adjective
• pura – city, fortress, town
  noun (neuter)
• √ji – to conquer, overcome
  verb
  Agentive suffix
  From the root √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śūraḥ' (Sugriva).

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