वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-80, verse-8

अद्य वैवस्वतो राजा भूयो बहुमतो मम ।
येनाद्य त्वं महाबाहो संयुक्तः कालधर्मणा ॥८॥

8. adya vaivasvato rājā bhūyo bahumato mama ,
yenādya tvaṃ mahābāho saṃyuktaḥ kāladharmaṇā.

8. adya vaivasvataḥ rājā bhūyaḥ bahumataḥ mama |
yena adya tvam mahābāho saṃyuktaḥ kāladharmaṇā

8. mahābāho,
adya yena tvam adya kāladharmaṇā saṃyuktaḥ,
tataḥ vaivasvataḥ rājā bhūyaḥ mama bahumataḥ.

8. Today, King Vaivasvata (Yama) is again greatly honored by me, because through him, O mighty-armed one, you have today been united with death, which is the natural law (dharma) of time.

Words meanings summery:

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• वैवस्वतः (vaivasvataḥ) - King Vaivasvata, referring to Yama (son of Vivasvat, Yama (the god of death))

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, once more, greatly (again, further, greatly, much)

• बहुमतः (bahumataḥ) - highly esteemed (highly esteemed, much honored, respected)

• मम (mama) - by me (my, mine, by me (genitive often used for agent in certain constructions))

• येन (yena) - through whom (referring to Yama) (by whom, by which, because of which)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular) (you)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (vocative address) (O mighty-armed one)

• संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - united (with death) (joined, united, endowed with, connected)

• कालधर्मणा (kāladharmaṇā) - by death, which is the natural law (dharma) of time (by the law/nature of time, by fate, by death)

Words meanings and morphology

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

वैवस्वतः (vaivasvataḥ) - King Vaivasvata, referring to Yama (son of Vivasvat, Yama (the god of death))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaivasvata

vaivasvata - son of Vivasvat, Yama, a descendant of Vivasvat

Derived from Vivasvat (the sun god)

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, once more, greatly (again, further, greatly, much)

(indeclinable)

बहुमतः (bahumataḥ) - highly esteemed (highly esteemed, much honored, respected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahumata

bahumata - highly esteemed, much honored, respected, approved by many

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'bahu' (much, many) + root 'man' (to think, believe) + -ta suffix

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+mata)

• bahu – much, many, numerous
  adjective (masculine)
• mata – thought, opinion, esteemed, honored
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'man' (to think, believe)
  Root: man (class 4)

मम (mama) - by me (my, mine, by me (genitive often used for agent in certain constructions))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Genitive case often functions as agent with past passive participles like 'bahumataḥ'.

येन (yena) - through whom (referring to Yama) (by whom, by which, because of which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Vaivasvata.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (vocative address) (O mighty-armed one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, one with great arms

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - united (with death) (joined, united, endowed with, connected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyukta

saṁyukta - joined, united, connected, endowed, accompanied

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' (to join) with prefix 'sam-'.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam'.

कालधर्मणा (kāladharmaṇā) - by death, which is the natural law (dharma) of time (by the law/nature of time, by fate, by death)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāladharma

kāladharma - the law/nature of time, fate, death

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+dharma)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – law, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'saṃyuktaḥ'.

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