वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-80, verse-49

धिगस्तु कुब्जामसतीं मन्थरां पापनिश्चयाम् ।
यन्निमित्तमिदं दुःखं कौसल्या प्रतिपत्स्यते ॥४९॥

49. dhigastu kubjāmasatīṃ mantharāṃ pāpaniścayām ,
yannimittamidaṃ duḥkhaṃ kausalyā pratipatsyate.

49. dhik astu kubjām asatīm mantharām pāpaniścayām
yat nimittam idam duḥkham kausalyā pratipatṣyate

49. (saḥ vadati) dhik astu kubjām asatīm mantharām pāpaniścayām
yat nimittam kausalyā idam duḥkham pratipatṣyate

49. Shame be upon the hunchbacked, wicked Mantharā, who is of evil resolve! It is on account of her that Kausalya will experience this profound sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• धिक् (dhik) - shame be upon (shame, woe, fie)

• अस्तु (astu) - be upon (implying the curse/shame) (let it be, may it be)

• कुब्जाम् (kubjām) - hunchbacked, crooked one

• असतीम् (asatīm) - wicked (woman) (wicked, unchaste, disloyal)

• मन्थराम् (mantharām) - Mantharā

• पापनिश्चयाम् (pāpaniścayām) - of evil resolve, whose determination is sinful

• यत् (yat) - on account of whom (which, that, on account of whom)

• निमित्तम् (nimittam) - on account of her (used with 'yat') (cause, reason)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - profound sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain)

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya

• प्रतिपत्ष्यते (pratipatṣyate) - she will experience, obtain

Words meanings and morphology

धिक् (dhik) - shame be upon (shame, woe, fie)

(indeclinable)

अस्तु (astu) - be upon (implying the curse/shame) (let it be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Imperative Mood

Root as, loṭ, 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with dhik to express 'shame be upon'.

कुब्जाम् (kubjām) - hunchbacked, crooked one

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kubjā

kubjā - hunchbacked woman, crooked woman

Feminine form of kubja (hunchbacked)

असतीम् (asatīm) - wicked (woman) (wicked, unchaste, disloyal)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of asatī

asatī - a wicked woman, disloyal wife, unchaste woman

Feminine of asat (not good), compound of a- (not) and satī (good woman)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+satī)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• satī – virtuous woman, chaste wife
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine of sat (good, existing)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to Mantharā.

मन्थराम् (mantharām) - Mantharā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mantharā

mantharā - Mantharā (name of Kaikeyī's hunchbacked maid)

Note: The main object of 'dhik astu'.

पापनिश्चयाम् (pāpaniścayām) - of evil resolve, whose determination is sinful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāpaniścayā

pāpaniścayā - whose resolve is sinful/evil

Feminine of pāpaniścaya, a Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+niścaya)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• niścaya – determination, resolve, conviction
  noun (masculine)
  From ni-ci (to ascertain)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Refers to Mantharā.

यत् (yat) - on account of whom (which, that, on account of whom)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Acts as a conjunction here, connecting to the cause.

निमित्तम् (nimittam) - on account of her (used with 'yat') (cause, reason)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nimitta

nimitta - cause, reason, motive, sign

Note: Forms the phrase 'yat nimittam' (on account of which/whom).

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Refers to 'duḥkham'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - profound sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

Compound of dus- (bad) and kha (axis, space, sense organ)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kha)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• kha – space, sky, zero, sense organ
  noun (neuter)

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (name of Rāma's mother)

Note: The subject of 'pratipatṣyate'.

प्रतिपत्ष्यते (pratipatṣyate) - she will experience, obtain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of pratipad

Future Tense, Ātmanepada

From prati-pad (to obtain, fall into)

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

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