वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-80, verse-30

प्रत्यवेक्ष्य तु ताम्राक्षः सुघोरो घोरदर्शनान् ।
दीनो दीनस्वरान् सर्वांस्तानुवाच निशाचरान् ॥३०॥

30. pratyavekṣya tu tāmrākṣaḥ sughoro ghoradarśanān ,
dīno dīnasvarān sarvāṃstānuvāca niśācarān.

30. pratyavekṣya tu tāmrākṣaḥ sughoraḥ ghoradarśanān
dīnaḥ dīnasvarān sarvān tān uvāca niśācarān

30. tu dīnaḥ sughoraḥ tāmrākṣaḥ pratyavekṣya
ghoradarśanān dīnasvarān sarvān tān niśācarān uvāca

30. But the exceedingly dreadful, red-eyed one (Rāvaṇa), himself distressed, after observing all those night-wanderers who were of terrible appearance and spoke in wretched voices, addressed them.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यवेक्ष्य (pratyavekṣya) - after observing (having examined, having looked back upon, having considered)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• ताम्राक्षः (tāmrākṣaḥ) - the red-eyed one (Rāvaṇa) (red-eyed)

• सुघोरः (sughoraḥ) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

• घोरदर्शनान् (ghoradarśanān) - of dreadful appearance, having a terrible sight

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - himself distressed (distressed, miserable, dejected)

• दीनस्वरान् (dīnasvarān) - having a wretched voice, speaking in a miserable tone

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all those (all, every)

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• निशाचरान् (niśācarān) - night-wanderers, rākṣasas (demons)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यवेक्ष्य (pratyavekṣya) - after observing (having examined, having looked back upon, having considered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'prati' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: prati+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Adversative particle.

ताम्राक्षः (tāmrākṣaḥ) - the red-eyed one (Rāvaṇa) (red-eyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāmrākṣa

tāmrākṣa - red-eyed, having copper-red eyes

Bahuvrīhi compound (tāmre akṣiṇī yasya saḥ)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tāmra+akṣa)

• tāmra – copper-colored, red, dark red
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

सुघोरः (sughoraḥ) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sughora

sughora - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful, intensely fierce

Compound with 'su' prefix for intensification.

Compound type : pra-ādi (su+ghora)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fierce, awful
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)

Note: Agrees with Rāvaṇaḥ.

घोरदर्शनान् (ghoradarśanān) - of dreadful appearance, having a terrible sight

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ghoradarśana

ghoradarśana - of dreadful appearance, terrible to behold

Bahuvrīhi compound (ghoram darśanam yeṣām te)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+darśana)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fierce
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• darśana – appearance, sight, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun or action noun
  From root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `niśācarān`.

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - himself distressed (distressed, miserable, dejected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, poor, wretched, dejected

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dī' (to fade, to be distressed).

Root: dī (class 4)

दीनस्वरान् (dīnasvarān) - having a wretched voice, speaking in a miserable tone

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dīnasvara

dīnasvara - having a wretched voice, speaking in a low or feeble tone

Bahuvrīhi compound (dīnaḥ svaraḥ yeṣām te)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīna+svara)

• dīna – distressed, miserable, wretched
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dī' (to fade, to be distressed).
  Root: dī (class 4)
• svara – sound, voice, tone, accent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `niśācarān`.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all those (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

universal pronoun

Note: Agrees with `niśācarān` and `tān`.

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to `niśācarān`.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

निशाचरान् (niśācarān) - night-wanderers, rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Upapada Tatpuruṣa compound (niśāyām carati iti)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, wanderer
  adjective/noun (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root 'car' (to move, to wander).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of `uvāca`.

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