वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-80, verse-23

मया वर्षसहस्राणि चरित्वा दुश्चरं तपः ।
तेषु तेष्ववकाशेषु स्वयम्भूः परितोषितः ॥२३॥

23. mayā varṣasahasrāṇi caritvā duścaraṃ tapaḥ ,
teṣu teṣvavakāśeṣu svayambhūḥ paritoṣitaḥ.

23. mayā varṣa-sahasrāṇi caritvā duścaram tapaḥ
teṣu teṣu avakāśeṣu svayambhūḥ paritoṣitaḥ

23. mayā duścaram tapaḥ varṣa-sahasrāṇi teṣu teṣu
avakāśeṣu caritvā svayambhūḥ paritoṣitaḥ

23. By me, having performed arduous asceticism (tapas) for thousands of years in those various places, the Self-existent (Svayambhū) was satisfied.

Words meanings summery:

• मया (mayā) - by me

• वर्ष-सहस्राणि (varṣa-sahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

• चरित्वा (caritvā) - having performed (tapas) (having performed, having practiced, having wandered)

• दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - difficult to perform, arduous, severe

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

• तेषु (teṣu) - in those (places) (in those, among them)

• तेषु (teṣu) - in those (various places) (in those, among them)

• अवकाशेषु (avakāśeṣu) - in places, in various regions (in places, in opportunities, in spaces)

• स्वयम्भूः (svayambhūḥ) - the Self-existent (Brahmā) (the self-existent, Brahmā)

• परितोषितः (paritoṣitaḥ) - was pleased, was satisfied

Words meanings and morphology

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

1st person singular pronoun.

Note: Agent in passive construction, refers to Rāvaṇa.

वर्ष-सहस्राणि (varṣa-sahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - thousand years, millennia

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain, monsoon
  noun (neuter)
  From root vṛṣ (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Indicates duration of the action caritvā.

चरित्वा (caritvā) - having performed (tapas) (having performed, having practiced, having wandered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with -tvā suffix.

Root: car (class 1)

दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - difficult to perform, arduous, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duścara

duścara - difficult to perform, hard to accomplish, arduous, severe

From dus (bad, difficult) + car (to go, act).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (dus+cara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• cara – going, moving, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root car (to move, perform).
  Root: car (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, austerity, penance, asceticism, religious devotion

From root tap (to heat, suffer penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of caritvā.

तेषु (teṣu) - in those (places) (in those, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to avakāśeṣu.

तेषु (teṣu) - in those (various places) (in those, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Repetition emphasizes "various" or "each of those".

अवकाशेषु (avakāśeṣu) - in places, in various regions (in places, in opportunities, in spaces)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of avakāśa

avakāśa - space, interval, opportunity, place, scope

From ava + kāś (to shine, appear).

Prefix: ava

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the places where tapas was performed.

स्वयम्भूः (svayambhūḥ) - the Self-existent (Brahmā) (the self-existent, Brahmā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svayambhū

svayambhū - self-existent, self-born, born of itself (an epithet of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Śiva, or Puruṣa)

Compound: svayam (oneself) + bhū (being, becoming).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svayam+bhū)

• svayam – oneself, by oneself
  indeclinable
  Pronoun in instrumental.
• bhū – being, becoming, existence
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive verb paritoṣitaḥ.

परितोषितः (paritoṣitaḥ) - was pleased, was satisfied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paritoṣita

paritoṣita - pleased, satisfied, gratified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tuṣ (to be pleased) with prefixes pari and causative suffix -i.

Prefix: pari

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: The agent is mayā.

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