वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-5, verse-9

अवगाह्यार्णवं स्वप्स्ये सौमित्रे भवता विना ।
कथं चित् प्रज्वलन् कामः समासुप्तं जले दहेत् ॥९॥

9. avagāhyārṇavaṃ svapsye saumitre bhavatā vinā ,
kathaṃ cit prajvalan kāmaḥ samāsuptaṃ jale dahet.

9. avagāhya arṇavam svapsye saumitre bhavatā vinā
katham cit prajvalan kāmaḥ samāsuptam jale dahet

9. O Saumitra, I will plunge into the ocean and sleep without you. But how, indeed, could blazing desire (kāma) burn someone who is deeply asleep in water?

Words meanings summery:

• अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having plunged into (having plunged into, having bathed in, having entered)

• अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - the ocean (ocean, sea, water)

• स्वप्स्ये (svapsye) - I will sleep

• सौमित्रे (saumitre) - O Saumitra (referring to Lakṣmaṇa) (O son of Sumitrā)

• भवता (bhavatā) - without you (by you (respectful))

• विना (vinā) - without (without, except for)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how? in what manner? why?)

• चित् (cit) - indeed (emphasizes the rhetorical question) (indeed, just, even (an indefinite particle))

• प्रज्वलन् (prajvalan) - blazing (describing kāma) (blazing, burning brightly, shining forth)

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire (kāma) (desire, love, wish, Kāma (the god of love))

• समासुप्तम् (samāsuptam) - someone who is deeply asleep (one who is sleeping soundly/deeply, deeply asleep)

• जले (jale) - in water

• दहेत् (dahet) - would burn (rhetorical question) (would burn, should burn)

Words meanings and morphology

अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having plunged into (having plunged into, having bathed in, having entered)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root gāh (1st conjugation, bhū group) with prefix ava- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - the ocean (ocean, sea, water)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arṇava

arṇava - ocean, sea, stream, waves, water

Note: Object of the absolutive 'avagāhya'.

स्वप्स्ये (svapsye) - I will sleep

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of svap

Future Middle First Person Singular

Formed from root svap (2nd conjugation, ad group). sya indicates future tense.

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: The middle voice is common for verbs of personal action, here "I myself will sleep."

सौमित्रे (saumitre) - O Saumitra (referring to Lakṣmaṇa) (O son of Sumitrā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumitra

saumitra - son of Sumitrā (e.g., Lakṣmaṇa or Śatrughna)

Note: Common epithet for Lakṣmaṇa in the Rāmāyaṇa.

भवता (bhavatā) - without you (by you (respectful))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful pronoun)

Note: Governed by 'vinā'.

विना (vinā) - without (without, except for)

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how (how? in what manner? why?)

(indeclinable)

चित् (cit) - indeed (emphasizes the rhetorical question) (indeed, just, even (an indefinite particle))

(indeclinable)

प्रज्वलन् (prajvalan) - blazing (describing kāma) (blazing, burning brightly, shining forth)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajvalat

jval - to burn, to blaze, to shine

Present Active Participle

Formed from root jval (1st conjugation, bhū group) with prefix pra- and suffix -at.

Prefix: pra

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kāmaḥ'.

कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire (kāma) (desire, love, wish, Kāma (the god of love))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - wish, desire, longing, love, pleasure; the god of love

From root kam (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'dahet'.

समासुप्तम् (samāsuptam) - someone who is deeply asleep (one who is sleeping soundly/deeply, deeply asleep)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svap

svap - to sleep

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root svap with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'dahet'.

जले (jale) - in water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Note: Denotes the location of sleeping.

दहेत् (dahet) - would burn (rhetorical question) (would burn, should burn)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dah

Optative Active Third Person Singular

Formed from root dah (1st conjugation, bhū group). et ending for optative.

Root: dah (class 1)

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