वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-5, verse-4

शोकश्च किल कालेन गच्छता ह्यपगच्छति ।
मम चापश्यतः कान्तामहन्यहनि वर्धते ॥४॥

4. śokaśca kila kālena gacchatā hyapagacchati ,
mama cāpaśyataḥ kāntāmahanyahani vardhate.

4. śokaḥ ca kila kālena gacchātā hi apagacchati
mama ca apaśyataḥ kāntām ahanyahani vardhate

4. kila kālena gacchātā hi śokaḥ apagacchati ca
mama kāntām apaśyataḥ ahanyahani vardhate

4. Sorrow, it is said, diminishes with the passage of time. Yet for me, not seeing my beloved, it increases day by day.

Words meanings summery:

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, distress

• च (ca) - and

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, it is said

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, with time

• गच्छाता (gacchātā) - by the passing (time) (by the going, by the passing)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अपगच्छति (apagacchati) - it departs, it goes away, it diminishes

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• च (ca) - and, but

• अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of me not seeing (of one not seeing)

• कान्ताम् (kāntām) - my beloved (Sītā) (beloved (feminine))

• अहन्यहनि (ahanyahani) - day by day

• वर्धते (vardhate) - it increases, it grows

Words meanings and morphology

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, distress

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

From root śuc (to mourn) with a suffix.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of apagacchati.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, it is said

(indeclinable)

कालेन (kālena) - by time, with time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Denotes the means or agent by which sorrow diminishes.

गच्छाता (gacchātā) - by the passing (time) (by the going, by the passing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, passing

Present Active Participle

From root gam (to go) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अपगच्छति (apagacchati) - it departs, it goes away, it diminishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

From root gam with prefix apa-.

Prefix: apa

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first half.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive singular form of asmad.

Note: Refers to Rāma.

च (ca) - and, but

(indeclinable)

अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of me not seeing (of one not seeing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing

Present Active Participle (negative)

Formed from negative particle a- and root dṛś (to see) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'me' (mama).

कान्ताम् (kāntām) - my beloved (Sītā) (beloved (feminine))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāntā

kāntā - beloved woman, desired woman

Feminine form of kānta (desired, beloved).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Object of the participle apaśyataḥ.

अहन्यहनि (ahanyahani) - day by day

(indeclinable)

Reduplication of ahan (day) to form an adverb meaning 'day by day'.

Note: Modifies vardhate.

वर्धते (vardhate) - it increases, it grows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).

From root vṛdh.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Subject is śokaḥ (implied).

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