वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-5, verse-21

एवं विलपतस्तस्य तत्र रामस्य धीमतः ।
दिनक्षयान्मन्दवपुर्भास्करो ऽस्तमुपागमत् ॥२१॥

21. evaṃ vilapatastasya tatra rāmasya dhīmataḥ ,
dinakṣayānmandavapurbhāskaro'stamupāgamat.

21. evam vilapataḥ tasya tatra rāmasya dhīmataḥ
dinakṣayāt mandavapuḥ bhāskaraḥ astam upāgamat

21. evaṃ tatra vilapataḥ tasya rāmasya dhīmataḥ
dinakṣayāt mandavapuḥ bhāskaraḥ astam upāgamat

21. While the wise Rāma was lamenting in this manner there, the sun, with its brilliance diminished by the end of the day, went to set.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

• विलपतः (vilapataḥ) - lamenting (lamenting, weeping)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Rāma) (of him, of that)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (where Rāma was) (there, in that place)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma (the hero) (of Rāma)

• धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the wise (Rāma) (of the wise, of the intelligent)

• दिनक्षयात् (dinakṣayāt) - by the end of the day (from the end of the day, at the decline of the day)

• मन्दवपुः (mandavapuḥ) - with its brilliance diminished (sun) (faint-bodied, with diminished brilliance/form)

• भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - the sun (the sun, sun-maker)

• अस्तम् (astam) - to setting (in the west) (to setting, to disappearance, to home)

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - went to set, set (he went, he approached, he reached)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

विलपतः (vilapataḥ) - lamenting (lamenting, weeping)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, weeping

present active participle

present active participle of vi-lap

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: agrees with tasya rāmasya dhīmataḥ

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Rāma) (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to Rāma

तत्र (tatra) - there (where Rāma was) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma (the hero) (of Rāma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the wise (Rāma) (of the wise, of the intelligent)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - wise, intelligent, thoughtful

from dhī (intellect) + -mat (possessive suffix)

Note: agrees with rāmasya

दिनक्षयात् (dinakṣayāt) - by the end of the day (from the end of the day, at the decline of the day)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dinakṣaya

dinakṣaya - end of the day, decline of the day

compound of dina and kṣaya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dina+kṣaya)

• dina – day
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – end, decline, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  from √kṣi (to waste away)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: indicates cause or time

मन्दवपुः (mandavapuḥ) - with its brilliance diminished (sun) (faint-bodied, with diminished brilliance/form)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandavapus

mandavapus - faint-bodied, with diminished brilliance/form

Bahuvrihi compound 'manda' (diminished) + 'vapus' (form/brilliance)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+vapus)

• manda – slow, dull, diminished, faint
  adjective (masculine)
• vapus – body, form, beauty, brilliance
  noun (neuter)

Note: agrees with bhāskaraḥ

भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - the sun (the sun, sun-maker)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - the sun, sun-maker

compound of bhās (light) and kara (maker)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, splendor
  noun (neuter)
• kara – maker, doer, hand
  noun (masculine)
  from √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अस्तम् (astam) - to setting (in the west) (to setting, to disappearance, to home)

(indeclinable)

used as an adverbial accusative

Note: Used with a verb of motion to indicate 'to setting'

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - went to set, set (he went, he approached, he reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upāgam

imperfect active verb form

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: used with astam to mean 'set'

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