वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-41, verse-28

वृकसिंहमुखैर्युक्तं खरैः कनकभूषणैः ।
आरुरोह रथं दिव्यं धूम्राक्षः खरनिस्वनः ॥२८॥

28. vṛkasiṃhamukhairyuktaṃ kharaiḥ kanakabhūṣaṇaiḥ ,
āruroha rathaṃ divyaṃ dhūmrākṣaḥ kharanisvanaḥ.

28. vṛkasimhamukhaiḥ yuktam kharaiḥ kanakabhūṣaṇaiḥ
āruroha ratham divyam dhūmrākṣaḥ kharanisvanaḥ

28. kharanisvanaḥ dhūmrākṣaḥ vṛkasimhamukhaiḥ
kanakabhūṣaṇaiḥ kharaiḥ yuktam divyam ratham āruroha

28. Dhūmrākṣa, whose roar was like that of a donkey, ascended a divine chariot. It was yoked with donkeys adorned with golden ornaments and possessing faces like those of wolves and lions.

Words meanings summery:

• वृकसिम्हमुखैः (vṛkasimhamukhaiḥ) - with faces like wolves and lions (describing the donkeys) (with faces of wolves and lions)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - yoked (to the chariot), harnessed (yoked, endowed with, joined)

• खरैः (kharaiḥ) - by donkeys (as steeds for the chariot) (by donkeys, with donkeys)

• कनकभूषणैः (kanakabhūṣaṇaiḥ) - adorned with golden ornaments (describing the donkeys) (with golden ornaments)

• आरुरोह (āruroha) - Dhūmrākṣa mounted (he ascended, he mounted)

• रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (which Dhūmrākṣa mounted) (chariot)

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - a divine chariot (divine, celestial)

• धूम्राक्षः (dhūmrākṣaḥ) - the demon Dhūmrākṣa (Dhūmrākṣa (name))

• खरनिस्वनः (kharanisvanaḥ) - whose roar was like that of a donkey (having the sound of a donkey)

Words meanings and morphology

वृकसिम्हमुखैः (vṛkasimhamukhaiḥ) - with faces like wolves and lions (describing the donkeys) (with faces of wolves and lions)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vṛkasimhamukha

vṛkasimhamukha - having faces of wolves and lions

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛka+siṃha+mukha)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: agrees with kharaiḥ

युक्तम् (yuktam) - yoked (to the chariot), harnessed (yoked, endowed with, joined)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, equipped, connected

Past Passive Participle

derived from root yuj (to join, to yoke) with suffix kta

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: agrees with ratham

खरैः (kharaiḥ) - by donkeys (as steeds for the chariot) (by donkeys, with donkeys)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of khara

khara - donkey, mule

Note: denotes the means or agent by which the chariot is yoked

कनकभूषणैः (kanakabhūṣaṇaiḥ) - adorned with golden ornaments (describing the donkeys) (with golden ornaments)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kanakabhūṣaṇa

kanakabhūṣaṇa - golden ornament

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kanaka+bhūṣaṇa)

• kanaka – gold
  noun (neuter)
• bhūṣaṇa – ornament, decoration
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhūṣ (class 1)

Note: agrees with kharaiḥ

आरुरोह (āruroha) - Dhūmrākṣa mounted (he ascended, he mounted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of āruh

perfect tense

intensive reduplicated form of ruh with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (which Dhūmrākṣa mounted) (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh

Note: object of āruroha

दिव्यम् (divyam) - a divine chariot (divine, celestial)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly, brilliant

Root: div

Note: agrees with ratham

धूम्राक्षः (dhūmrākṣaḥ) - the demon Dhūmrākṣa (Dhūmrākṣa (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūmrākṣa

dhūmrākṣa - smoky-eyed, a specific demon's name

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhūmra+akṣi)

• dhūmra – smoky, grey, dusky
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: subject of āruroha

खरनिस्वनः (kharanisvanaḥ) - whose roar was like that of a donkey (having the sound of a donkey)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kharanisvana

kharanisvana - having the sound/cry of a donkey

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (khara+nisvana)

• khara – donkey
  noun (masculine)
• nisvana – sound, noise, cry
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root svan with prefix nis
  Prefix: nis
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: epithet for Dhūmrākṣa

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