वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-41, verse-27

हयैः परमशीघ्रैश्च गजेन्द्रैश्च मदोत्कटैः ।
निर्ययू राक्षसव्याघ्रा व्याघ्रा इव दुरासदाः ॥२७॥

27. hayaiḥ paramaśīghraiśca gajendraiśca madotkaṭaiḥ ,
niryayū rākṣasavyāghrā vyāghrā iva durāsadāḥ.

27. hayaiḥ paramaśīghraiḥ ca gajendraiḥ ca madotkaṭaiḥ
niryayū rākṣasavyāghrāḥ vyāghrāḥ iva durāsadāḥ

27. rākṣasavyāghrāḥ vyāghrāḥ iva durāsadāḥ hayaiḥ
paramaśīghraiḥ ca gajendraiḥ ca madotkaṭaiḥ niryayū

27. The foremost of the Rākṣasas, formidable like tigers, sallied forth mounted on exceedingly swift horses and furious, mighty elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - with horses

• परमशीघ्रैः (paramaśīghraiḥ) - with exceedingly swift (horses)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गजेन्द्रैः (gajendraiḥ) - with mighty elephants, lordly elephants

• च (ca) - and, also

• मदोत्कटैः (madotkaṭaiḥ) - with fiercely intoxicated, furious (elephants)

• निर्ययू (niryayū) - they went forth, sallied out, departed

• राक्षसव्याघ्राः (rākṣasavyāghrāḥ) - tiger-like Rākṣasas; foremost of Rākṣasas

• व्याघ्राः (vyāghrāḥ) - tigers

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - difficult to approach, formidable, unassailable

Words meanings and morphology

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - with horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

परमशीघ्रैः (paramaśīghraiḥ) - with exceedingly swift (horses)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paramaśīghra

paramaśīghra - exceedingly swift, very quick

Compound type : tatpurusha (parama+śīghra)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent, exceedingly
  adjective
• śīghra – swift, quick, rapid
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'hayaiḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गजेन्द्रैः (gajendraiḥ) - with mighty elephants, lordly elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gajendra

gajendra - a mighty elephant, lordly elephant, chief of elephants

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+indra)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मदोत्कटैः (madotkaṭaiḥ) - with fiercely intoxicated, furious (elephants)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of madotkaṭa

madotkaṭa - fiercely intoxicated (with rut), furious, arrogant, violent

Compound type : tatpurusha (mada+utkaṭa)

• mada – intoxication, rut, passion, pride
  noun (masculine)
• utkaṭa – excessive, fierce, violent, prominent
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'gajendraiḥ'.

निर्ययू (niryayū) - they went forth, sallied out, departed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect (lit)

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

राक्षसव्याघ्राः (rākṣasavyāghrāḥ) - tiger-like Rākṣasas; foremost of Rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasavyāghra

rākṣasavyāghra - a Rākṣasa who is like a tiger (in prowess), the foremost of Rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+vyāghra)

• rākṣasa – a Rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

व्याघ्राः (vyāghrāḥ) - tigers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyāghra

vyāghra - tiger

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - difficult to approach, formidable, unassailable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, inaccessible, unassailable, formidable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root √sad with upasarga ā and prefix dur (difficult)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+āsada)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
• āsada – approachable, attainable (derived from ā-√sad)
  participle
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √sad with upasarga ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)

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