वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-41, verse-18

एवमुक्त्वा तु संक्रुद्धो निश्वसन्नुरगो यथा ।
अब्रवीद् रक्षसां मध्ये धूम्राक्षं नाम राकसं ॥१८॥

18. evamuktvā tu saṃkruddho niśvasannurago yathā ,
abravīd rakṣasāṃ madhye dhūmrākṣaṃ nāma rākasaṃ.

18. evam uktvā tu saṃkruddhaḥ niśvasan uragaḥ yathā
abravīt rakṣasām madhye dhūmrākṣam nāma rākṣasam

18. Having spoken thus, he, greatly enraged and hissing like a serpent, then addressed Dhūmrākṣa, a demon, from among the other demons.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged, furious)

• निश्वसन् (niśvasan) - hissing (sighing, hissing, breathing heavily)

• उरगः (uragaḥ) - a serpent (a snake, serpent)

• यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, just as)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke/addressed (he spoke, he said)

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons (of demons, of rākṣasas)

• मध्ये (madhye) - among (in the middle, among, in the midst of)

• धूम्राक्षम् (dhūmrākṣam) - Dhūmrākṣa (the demon) (Dhūmrākṣa (a proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed)

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - a demon (demon, rākṣasa (accusative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'uktvā'.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

root vac (ukt) + ktvā suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious

past passive participle

root krudh with prefix sam, suffix -kta

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (he).

निश्वसन् (niśvasan) - hissing (sighing, hissing, breathing heavily)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśvasat

niśvasat - sighing, hissing, breathing heavily

present active participle

root śvas with prefix nis, suffix -śatṛ

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (he).

उरगः (uragaḥ) - a serpent (a snake, serpent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - snake, serpent (literally, moving on the chest)

compound of uras and ga

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (uras+ga)

• uras – chest, breast
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  root gam + a
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in comparison with 'yathā'.

यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, just as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke/addressed (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons (of demons, of rākṣasas)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, contextually refers to the group among whom Dhūmrākṣa was.

मध्ये (madhye) - among (in the middle, among, in the midst of)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, midst

Note: Used as a postposition with genitive.

धूम्राक्षम् (dhūmrākṣam) - Dhūmrākṣa (the demon) (Dhūmrākṣa (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhūmrākṣa

dhūmrākṣa - Dhūmrākṣa (name of a rākṣasa, 'smoke-eyed')

compound of dhūmra and akṣa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhūmra+akṣa)

• dhūmra – smoke-colored, gray, tawny
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates that 'Dhūmrākṣa' is a name.

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - a demon (demon, rākṣasa (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'Dhūmrākṣam'.

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