वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-41, verse-11

तदप्रियं दीनमुखा रावणस्य निशाचराः ।
कृत्स्नं निवेदयामासुर्यथावद्वाक्यकोविदाः ॥११॥

11. tadapriyaṃ dīnamukhā rāvaṇasya niśācarāḥ ,
kṛtsnaṃ nivedayāmāsuryathāvadvākyakovidāḥ.

11. tat apriyam dīnamukhāḥ rāvaṇasya niśācarāḥ
kṛtsnam nivedayāmāsuḥ yathāvat vākyakovidāḥ

11. dīnamukhāḥ vākyakovidāḥ rāvaṇasya niśācarāḥ
tat apriyam kṛtsnam yathāvat nivedayāmāsuḥ

11. With sorrowful faces, those night-wanderers (rākṣasas) of Rāvaṇa, who were skilled in speech, reported to him the entire unpleasant situation exactly as it had occurred.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, that (news)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, bad (news)

• दीनमुखाः (dīnamukhāḥ) - with sorrowful faces, dejected-faced

• रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Ravana

• निशाचराः (niśācarāḥ) - night-wanderers, rākṣasas

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - the entire unpleasant situation (the whole, entire (thing))

• निवेदयामासुः (nivedayāmāsuḥ) - they reported, they informed

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - as it was, properly, truthfully, exactly

• वाक्यकोविदाः (vākyakovidāḥ) - skilled in speech, eloquent

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, that (news)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, bad (news)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective

दीनमुखाः (dīnamukhāḥ) - with sorrowful faces, dejected-faced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīnamukha

dīnamukha - having a sorrowful face, dejected-faced

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dīna+mukha)

• dīna – sorrowful, dejected, miserable, poor
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth, countenance
  noun (neuter)

रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Ravana

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (king of Laṅkā)

निशाचराः (niśācarāḥ) - night-wanderers, rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, goblin, demon (rākṣasa)

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, going (suffix for agent)
  adjective
  Agent noun from root 'car'
  Root: car (class 1)

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - the entire unpleasant situation (the whole, entire (thing))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete

निवेदयामासुः (nivedayāmāsuḥ) - they reported, they informed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (Lit) of nivedaya

Causative stem

Periphrastic perfect formed with causative stem 'nivedaya' and auxiliary verb 'as' (to be).

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 2)

यथावत् (yathāvat) - as it was, properly, truthfully, exactly

(indeclinable)

वाक्यकोविदाः (vākyakovidāḥ) - skilled in speech, eloquent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vākyakovida

vākyakovida - skilled in speech, eloquent, expert in words

Compound type : tatpurusha (vākya+kovida)

• vākya – speech, word, sentence, discourse
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• kovida – skilled, expert, proficient, knowing
  adjective

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