वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-115, verse-9

मत्तैर्नागसहस्रैश्च शातकुम्भविभूषितः ।
अपरे हेमकक्ष्याभिः सगजाभिः करेणुभिः ।
निर्ययुस्त्वरया युक्ता रथैश्च सुमहारथाः ॥९॥

9. mattairnāgasahasraiśca śātakumbhavibhūṣitaḥ ,
apare hemakakṣyābhiḥ sagajābhiḥ kareṇubhiḥ ,
niryayustvarayā yuktā rathaiśca sumahārathāḥ.

9. mattaiḥ nāgasahasraiḥ ca
śātakuṃbhavibhūṣitaḥ apare hemakakṣyābhiḥ
sagajābhiḥ kareṇubhiḥ niryayuḥ tvarayā
yuktāḥ rathaiḥ ca sumahārathāḥ

9. śātakuṃbhavibhūṣitaḥ,
apare hemakakṣyābhiḥ sagajābhiḥ kareṇubhiḥ ca,
mattaiḥ nāgasahasraiḥ ca,
sumahārathāḥ rathaiḥ yuktāḥ tvarayā niryayuḥ

9. Thousands of intoxicated elephants were also present. A person adorned with pure gold, other female elephants with golden girths and accompanied by male elephants, and great chariot warriors with their chariots, quickly departed.

Words meanings summery:

• मत्तैः (mattaiḥ) - with intoxicated elephants (with intoxicated, by maddened)

• नागसहस्रैः (nāgasahasraiḥ) - with thousands of elephants

• च (ca) - and, also

• शातकुंभविभूषितः (śātakuṁbhavibhūṣitaḥ) - a person adorned with pure gold (adorned with pure gold)

• अपरे (apare) - other female elephants (others)

• हेमकक्ष्याभिः (hemakakṣyābhiḥ) - with golden girths/belts

• सगजाभिः (sagajābhiḥ) - accompanied by male elephants (in the context of female elephants) (accompanied by elephants, with (male) elephants)

• करेणुभिः (kareṇubhiḥ) - with female elephants

• निर्ययुः (niryayuḥ) - they departed, went out

• त्वरया (tvarayā) - with speed, quickly

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - equipped with (chariots) (joined, equipped, endowed)

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

• च (ca) - and

• सुमहारथाः (sumahārathāḥ) - great chariot warriors

Words meanings and morphology

मत्तैः (mattaiḥ) - with intoxicated elephants (with intoxicated, by maddened)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, maddened, delighted

Past Passive Participle

From root mad (to be intoxicated, delight).

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'nāgasahasraiḥ'.

नागसहस्रैः (nāgasahasraiḥ) - with thousands of elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of nāgasahasra

nāgasahasra - thousands of elephants

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nāga+sahasra)

• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nag (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sah (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शातकुंभविभूषितः (śātakuṁbhavibhūṣitaḥ) - a person adorned with pure gold (adorned with pure gold)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śātakuṃbhavibhūṣita

śātakuṁbhavibhūṣita - adorned with pure gold

Past Passive Participle of vi-bhūṣ with śātakuṃbha as modifier.

From root bhūṣ (to adorn) with prefix vi-, modified by śātakuṃbha (pure gold).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śātakuṃbha+vibhūṣita)

• śātakuṃbha – pure gold
  noun (neuter)
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhūṣ (to adorn) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Refers to an implied singular masculine subject, likely a leader or important person.

अपरे (apare) - other female elephants (others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent

Note: Refers to other entities, specifically the female elephants in this context.

हेमकक्ष्याभिः (hemakakṣyābhiḥ) - with golden girths/belts

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of hemakakṣyā

hemakakṣyā - golden girth, golden girdle (for elephants)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (heman+kakṣyā)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• kakṣyā – girdle, girth, waist-band
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kakṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kareṇubhiḥ'.

सगजाभिः (sagajābhiḥ) - accompanied by male elephants (in the context of female elephants) (accompanied by elephants, with (male) elephants)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of sagaja

sagaja - with elephants (gaja - male elephant)

Prefix sa- (with) + gaja (elephant).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gaja)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with'.
• gaja – elephant (usually male)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kareṇubhiḥ'.

करेणुभिः (kareṇubhiḥ) - with female elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of kareṇu

kareṇu - female elephant

Note: One of the entities in the procession.

निर्ययुः (niryayuḥ) - they departed, went out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of niryā

From root yā (to go) with prefix nir-.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

त्वरया (tvarayā) - with speed, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvarā

tvarā - speed, haste

From root tvar (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - equipped with (chariots) (joined, equipped, endowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, equipped, proper, intent

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'sumahārathāḥ'.

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Used with 'yuktāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सुमहारथाः (sumahārathāḥ) - great chariot warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sumahāratha

sumahāratha - great chariot fighter, excellent charioteer

Compound of su- (good, great) and mahāratha (great charioteer).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahāratha)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• mahāratha – great charioteer, warrior fighting from a great chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of mahā (great) and ratha (chariot).

Note: Subject of 'niryayuḥ'.

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