वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-115, verse-22

रजोवर्षं समुद्भूतं पश्य वालुकिनीं प्रति ।
मन्ये सालवनं रम्यं लोलयन्ति प्लवंगमाः ॥२२॥

22. rajovarṣaṃ samudbhūtaṃ paśya vālukinīṃ prati ,
manye sālavanaṃ ramyaṃ lolayanti plavaṃgamāḥ.

22. rajaḥvarṣam samudbhūtam paśya vālukinīm prati
manye sālavanam ramyam lolayanti plavaṅgamāḥ

22. paśya samudbhūtam rajaḥvarṣam vālukinīm prati
manye plavaṅgamāḥ ramyam sālavanam lolayanti

22. Look, a cloud of dust has risen in the direction of the Valukini river. I believe the monkeys are agitating the beautiful sal (śāla) forest.

Words meanings summery:

• रजःवर्षम् (rajaḥvarṣam) - a cloud of dust (shower of dust, dust-rain)

• समुद्भूतम् (samudbhūtam) - has risen (arisen, produced, manifest)

• पश्य (paśya) - look (see, behold, look)

• वालुकिनीम् (vālukinīm) - the Valukini river (Valukini (name of a river, accusative singular))

• प्रति (prati) - in the direction of (towards, against, in the direction of)

• मन्ये (manye) - I believe (I think, I believe, I suppose)

• सालवनम् (sālavanam) - the sal (śāla) forest (sal forest, forest of sala trees)

• रम्यम् (ramyam) - beautiful (beautiful, delightful, charming)

• लोलयन्ति (lolayanti) - are agitating (they shake, they agitate, they cause to tremble)

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys, apes (literally 'those who go by jumping'))

Words meanings and morphology

रजःवर्षम् (rajaḥvarṣam) - a cloud of dust (shower of dust, dust-rain)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajovarṣa

rajovarṣa - shower of dust, dust-rain

Compound of rajas (dust) + varṣa (rain/shower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rajas+varṣa)

• rajas – dust, pollen, impurity, menstrual fluid
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)
  From root vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'samudbhūtam'.

समुद्भूतम् (samudbhūtam) - has risen (arisen, produced, manifest)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samudbhūta

samudbhūta - arisen, produced, manifest

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ud-bhū (to arise, originate) + kta suffix

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective, indicating something that has come into being.

पश्य (paśya) - look (see, behold, look)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Root dṛś forms present stem paśya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Second person singular imperative, direct command.

वालुकिनीम् (vālukinīm) - the Valukini river (Valukini (name of a river, accusative singular))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vālukinī

vālukinī - Name of a river

Derived from vālukā (sand), meaning 'sandy river'

Note: Object of the postposition 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - in the direction of (towards, against, in the direction of)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/postposition governing accusative case

Note: Functions as a postposition with 'vālukinīm'.

मन्ये (manye) - I believe (I think, I believe, I suppose)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

Note: First person singular middle voice, expressing the speaker's conjecture.

सालवनम् (sālavanam) - the sal (śāla) forest (sal forest, forest of sala trees)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sālavana

sālavana - forest of sal trees

Compound of sāla (sal tree) + vana (forest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāla+vana)

• sāla – sal tree (Shorea robusta)
  noun (masculine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'lolayanti'.

रम्यम् (ramyam) - beautiful (beautiful, delightful, charming)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ramya

ramya - beautiful, charming, delightful

Gerundive

From root ram (to delight) + ṇyat suffix, meaning 'to be delighted in'

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Modifier of 'sālavanam'.

लोलयन्ति (lolayanti) - are agitating (they shake, they agitate, they cause to tremble)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of lūl

Causative

Causative form of root lūl

Root: lūl (class 10)

Note: Third person plural active verb.

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys, apes (literally 'those who go by jumping'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, ape

Compound of plava (jumping) + gama (going), from plav (to jump) + gam (to go)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – jumping, swimming, floating
  noun (masculine)
  From root plu (to float, jump)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, one who goes
  adjective
  From root gam (to go) + a suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'lolayanti'.

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