वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-115, verse-21

निस्वनः श्रूयते भीमः प्रहृष्टानां वनौकसाम् ।
मन्ये वानरसेना सा नदीं तरति गोमतीम् ॥२१॥

21. nisvanaḥ śrūyate bhīmaḥ prahṛṣṭānāṃ vanaukasām ,
manye vānarasenā sā nadīṃ tarati gomatīm.

21. nisvanaḥ śrūyate bhīmaḥ prahṛṣṭānām vanaukasām
manye vānaraseṇā sā nadīm tarati gomatīm

21. bhīmaḥ nisvanaḥ prahṛṣṭānām vanaukasām śrūyate
manye sā vānaraseṇā gomatīm nadīm tarati

21. A terrible roar from the jubilant forest-dwellers is heard. I think that monkey army is crossing the Gomati river.

Words meanings summery:

• निस्वनः (nisvanaḥ) - a roar (sound, roar, noise)

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard (is heard, is listened to)

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, mighty)

• प्रहृष्टानाम् (prahṛṣṭānām) - of the jubilant (of the delighted, of the joyous ones)

• वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of the forest-dwellers (referring to monkeys) (of the forest-dwellers)

• मन्ये (manye) - I think (I think, I believe, I suppose)

• वानरसेणा (vānaraseṇā) - monkey army

• सा (sā) - that (that (feminine nominative singular))

• नदीम् (nadīm) - the river (river (accusative singular))

• तरति (tarati) - is crossing (crosses, overcomes, swims across)

• गोमतीम् (gomatīm) - the Gomati (river) (Gomati (name of a river, accusative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

निस्वनः (nisvanaḥ) - a roar (sound, roar, noise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nisvana

nisvana - sound, noise, roar

From ni-svan (to sound, roar)

Prefix: nis

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'is heard'.

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard (is heard, is listened to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śrū

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Passive form, 'it is heard'.

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, dreadful, formidable

From root bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'nisvanaḥ'.

प्रहृष्टानाम् (prahṛṣṭānām) - of the jubilant (of the delighted, of the joyous ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - greatly pleased, jubilant, delighted

Past Passive Participle

From pra-hṛṣ (to rejoice, be glad) + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vanaukasām'.

वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of the forest-dwellers (referring to monkeys) (of the forest-dwellers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, inhabitant of the forest (often refers to monkeys or hermits)

Compound of vana (forest) + okas (dwelling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, abode, home
  noun (neuter)
  From root vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 10)

Note: Possessive case, indicating source of the sound.

मन्ये (manye) - I think (I think, I believe, I suppose)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

Note: First person singular middle voice, indicating the speaker's thought.

वानरसेणा (vānaraseṇā) - monkey army

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vānaraseṇā

vānaraseṇā - army of monkeys

Compound of vānara (monkey) + senā (army)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+senā)

• vānara – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
  From vana (forest) + aṇ (suffix, 'belonging to forest')
• senā – army, host, troop
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the verb 'tarati'.

सा (sā) - that (that (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Agrees with 'vānaraseṇā'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - the river (river (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Note: Object of 'tarati'.

तरति (tarati) - is crossing (crosses, overcomes, swims across)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tṛ

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Third person singular active verb.

गोमतीम् (gomatīm) - the Gomati (river) (Gomati (name of a river, accusative singular))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gomatī

gomatī - name of a river (Gomati)

From go (cow) + matup (possessive suffix) + ī (feminine suffix), literally 'possessing cows/waters'

Note: Agrees with 'nadīm'.

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