वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-7, verse-9

व्यसने वार्थ कृच्छ्रे वा भये वा जीवितान्तगे ।
विमृशन् वै स्वया बुद्ध्या धृतिमान्नावसीदति ॥९॥

9. vyasane vārtha kṛcchre vā bhaye vā jīvitāntage ,
vimṛśan vai svayā buddhyā dhṛtimānnāvasīdati.

9. vyasane vā artha kṛcchre vā bhaye vā jīvitāntage
vimṛśan vai svayā buddhyā dhṛtimān na avasīdati

9. dhṛtimān vai naraḥ vyasane vā artha kṛcchre vā bhaye
vā jīvitāntage svayā buddhyā vimṛśan na avasīdati

9. Indeed, a person endowed with fortitude (dhṛti), who reflects with their own intellect, does not succumb to despair, whether in misfortune, financial distress, fear, or even when facing the end of life.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in misfortune (in calamity, in misfortune, in addiction)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• अर्थ (artha) - (related to) financial matters, wealth (wealth, purpose, object)

• कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - in distress, in difficulty (in difficulty, in distress, in trouble)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• भये (bhaye) - in fear (in fear, through fear)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• जीवितान्तगे (jīvitāntage) - when facing the end of life (leading to the end of life, in a life-ending situation)

• विमृशन् (vimṛśan) - reflecting, deliberating (reflecting, pondering, deliberating)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

• स्वया (svayā) - by one's own

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by mind)

• धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - a person endowed with fortitude (dhṛti) (steadfast, firm, courageous, one with fortitude)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - succumbs to despair, becomes dejected (sinks down, despairs, becomes dejected)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यसने (vyasane) - in misfortune (in calamity, in misfortune, in addiction)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, addiction, vice

From root as 'to throw' with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

अर्थ (artha) - (related to) financial matters, wealth (wealth, purpose, object)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, object, thing

From root ṛ 'to go, move'.

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Appears as an object of difficulty, contributing to the sense of 'financial difficulty' with `kṛcchre`.

कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - in distress, in difficulty (in difficulty, in distress, in trouble)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, distress, trouble, pain

From root kṛch 'to suffer, be in distress'.

Root: kṛch

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

भये (bhaye) - in fear (in fear, through fear)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

From root bhī 'to fear' + -a suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

जीवितान्तगे (jīvitāntage) - when facing the end of life (leading to the end of life, in a life-ending situation)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jīvitāntaga

jīvitāntaga - leading to the end of life, causing death, fatal

Compound. Locative of jīvitāntaga.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+anta+ga)

• jīvita – life, living, means of life
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jīv 'to live' + -ta suffix.
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• anta – end, limit, death
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, reaching, attaining
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam 'to go' + -a suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

विमृशन् (vimṛśan) - reflecting, deliberating (reflecting, pondering, deliberating)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimṛśat

vimṛśat - reflecting, pondering, deliberating (present participle)

Present Active Participle

From root mṛś 'to touch, reflect' with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: mṛś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `dhṛtimān`.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

स्वया (svayā) - by one's own

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sva

sva - self, one's own

Note: Qualifies `buddhyā`.

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by mind)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, mind, perception

From root budh 'to know, perceive' + -ti suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Instrument of reflection.

धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - a person endowed with fortitude (dhṛti) (steadfast, firm, courageous, one with fortitude)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtimat

dhṛtimat - having firmness, endowed with fortitude, steady, patient

From dhṛti 'firmness, fortitude' + -mat suffix (possessive).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - succumbs to despair, becomes dejected (sinks down, despairs, becomes dejected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ava-sad

Present indicative

From root sad 'to sit, sink' with upasarga ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

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