वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-7, verse-10

बालिशस्तु नरो नित्यं वैक्लव्यं यो ऽनुवर्तते ।
स मज्जत्यवशः शोके भाराक्रान्तेव नौर्जले ॥१०॥

10. bāliśastu naro nityaṃ vaiklavyaṃ yo'nuvartate ,
sa majjatyavaśaḥ śoke bhārākrānteva naurjale.

10. bāliśaḥ tu naraḥ nityaṃ vaiklavyaṃ yaḥ anuvartate
saḥ majjati avaśaḥ śoke bhārākrāntā iva nauḥ jale

10. tu yaḥ bāliśaḥ naraḥ nityaṃ vaiklavyaṃ anuvartate
saḥ avaśaḥ bhārākrāntā nauḥ jale iva śoke majjati

10. But the foolish person who constantly succumbs to despondency (vaiklavya), he, helpless, drowns in sorrow, just like a boat overloaded with cargo sinks in water.

Words meanings summery:

• बालिशः (bāliśaḥ) - foolish (childish, foolish, ignorant)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person, human being)

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly (always, constantly, perpetually)

• वैक्लव्यं (vaiklavyaṁ) - despondency (vaiklavya) (despondency, helplessness, faint-heartedness)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, what)

• अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - succumbs to (follows, conforms to, resorts to, succumbs to)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• मज्जति (majjati) - drowns (sinks, drowns, submerges)

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless (helpless, powerless, independent)

• शोके (śoke) - in sorrow (in sorrow, in grief)

• भाराक्रान्ता (bhārākrāntā) - overloaded with cargo (burdened, overloaded, overcome by a heavy load)

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• नौः (nauḥ) - boat (boat, ship)

• जले (jale) - in water

Words meanings and morphology

बालिशः (bāliśaḥ) - foolish (childish, foolish, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāliśa

bāliśa - childish, foolish, ignorant, naive

From bāla 'child' + -iśa suffix.

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ`.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

From root nṛ 'to lead'.

Root: nṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

From ni + root i 'to go' + -tya suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adverbial usage.

वैक्लव्यं (vaiklavyaṁ) - despondency (vaiklavya) (despondency, helplessness, faint-heartedness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaiklavya

vaiklavya - despondency, helplessness, perplexity, faint-heartedness

From viklava 'agitated, confused' + -ya suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: klav

Note: Object of `anuvartate`.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Nominative singular masculine of yad.

Note: Relative pronoun referring to `naraḥ`.

अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - succumbs to (follows, conforms to, resorts to, succumbs to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of anu-vṛt

Present indicative

From root vṛt 'to turn, exist' with upasarga anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Nominative singular masculine of tad.

Note: Subject of the main clause.

मज्जति (majjati) - drowns (sinks, drowns, submerges)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of majj

Present indicative

From root majj 'to sink, dive'.

Root: majj (class 6)

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless (helpless, powerless, independent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, powerless, out of control, dependent

From a 'not' + vaśa 'control, will'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vaśa)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vaśa – will, control, power, submission
  noun (masculine)

शोके (śoke) - in sorrow (in sorrow, in grief)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, anguish, lamentation

From root śuc 'to grieve, sorrow' + -a suffix.

Root: śuc (class 1)

भाराक्रान्ता (bhārākrāntā) - overloaded with cargo (burdened, overloaded, overcome by a heavy load)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhārākrānta

bhārākrānta - oppressed by a burden, overloaded, heavily laden

Compound: bhāra (burden) + ākrānta (overcome, oppressed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāra+ākrānta)

• bhāra – load, burden, weight, cargo
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhṛ 'to bear' + -a suffix.
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ākrānta – overcome, oppressed, covered, seized
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kram 'to step, go' with upasarga ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kram (class 1)

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

नौः (nauḥ) - boat (boat, ship)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

Nominative singular feminine of nau (u-stem).

Note: Subject of the simile.

जले (jale) - in water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Locative singular neuter of jala.

Note: Location of sinking.

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