वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-7, verse-7

नाहं तामनुशोचामि प्राकृतो वानरो ऽपि सन् ।
महात्मा च विनीतश्चा किं पुनर्धृतिमान्भवान् ॥७॥

7. nāhaṃ tāmanuśocāmi prākṛto vānaro'pi san ,
mahātmā ca vinītaścā kiṃ punardhṛtimānbhavān.

7. na aham tām anuśocāmi prākṛtaḥ vānaraḥ api san
mahātmā ca vinītaḥ ca kim punaḥ dhṛtimān bhavān

7. aham tām na anuśocāmi api prākṛtaḥ vānaraḥ san ca mahātmā ca vinītaḥ.
bhavān dhṛtimān kim punaḥ?

7. I do not grieve for her, even though I am just an ordinary monkey, and I am indeed great-souled (mahātmā) and disciplined. How much more, then, should you, being endowed with fortitude, (not grieve)?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, nor, neither)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• ताम् (tām) - her (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

• अनुशोचामि (anuśocāmi) - I grieve for (I grieve for, I lament over)

• प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - ordinary (ordinary, natural, common, unrefined)

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled (mahātmā) (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted spirit)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विनीतः (vinītaḥ) - disciplined (disciplined, modest, well-behaved, trained)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• किम् (kim) - how much (what, how, why)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - then (again, moreover, but, on the other hand)

• धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - endowed with fortitude (endowed with fortitude, resolute, patient)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (your honor) (your honor, you (polite form), Sir)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, nor, neither)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'anuśocāmi'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself, we

Note: Subject of 'anuśocāmi'.

ताम् (tām) - her (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Object of 'anuśocāmi'.

अनुशोचामि (anuśocāmi) - I grieve for (I grieve for, I lament over)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of anu-śuc

present active 1st singular

Present indicative, active voice, 1st person singular of the root śuc with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - ordinary (ordinary, natural, common, unrefined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prākṛta

prākṛta - ordinary, natural, common, unrefined, vulgar

Derived from prakṛti (nature, original form) with suffix -a.

Note: Modifies 'vānaraḥ' and refers to the speaker (I).

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

From vana (forest), meaning 'belonging to the forest'.

Note: Subject complement, agreeing with the implied subject 'aham'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

as - to be, to exist

present active participle

Present active participle of the root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used to express 'even though I am'.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled (mahātmā) (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted spirit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted spirit, the Great Self

Compound: mahat (great) + ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)
  Present active participle of root 'mah' (to be great), used as an adjective.
  Root: mah (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject complement, agreeing with the implied subject 'aham'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'prākṛtaḥ vānaraḥ' and 'mahātmā vinītaḥ'.

विनीतः (vinītaḥ) - disciplined (disciplined, modest, well-behaved, trained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinīta

vinīta - disciplined, modest, well-behaved, trained, humble

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root nī with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Subject complement, agreeing with the implied subject 'aham'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'mahātmā' and 'vinītaḥ'.

किम् (kim) - how much (what, how, why)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - then (again, moreover, but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - endowed with fortitude (endowed with fortitude, resolute, patient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtimat

dhṛtimat - endowed with fortitude/patience, resolute, firm

Derived from dhṛti (fortitude) with the possessive suffix -mat.

Note: Modifies 'bhavān'.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (your honor) (your honor, you (polite form), Sir)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you, Sir, existing, being

present active participle (polite use)

Nom. sg. masc. of the present active participle of root bhū (to be), used as a polite second-person pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The addressee.

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