वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-7, verse-21

अनृतं नोक्तपूर्वं मे न च वक्ष्ये कदा चन ।
एतत्ते प्रतिजानामि सत्येनैव शपामि ते ॥२१॥

21. anṛtaṃ noktapūrvaṃ me na ca vakṣye kadā cana ,
etatte pratijānāmi satyenaiva śapāmi te.

21. anṛtam na uktapūrvam me na ca vakṣye kadā cana
etat te pratijānāmi satyena eva śapāmi te

21. me anṛtam na uktapūrvam ca kadā cana na vakṣye
etat te pratijānāmi te satyena eva śapāmi

21. An untruth has never been spoken by me before, nor will I ever speak one. This I promise to you; indeed, I swear to you by truth.

Words meanings summery:

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie

• न (na) - not

• उक्तपूर्वम् (uktapūrvam) - spoken before

• मे (me) - by me

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• वक्ष्ये (vakṣye) - I will speak, I shall say

• कदा (kadā) - when?

• चन (cana) - even, any (used to intensify or generalize with interrogatives)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• प्रतिजानामि (pratijānāmi) - I promise, I vow

• सत्येन (satyena) - by truth

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• शपामि (śapāmi) - I swear, I vow

• ते (te) - to you, for you

Words meanings and morphology

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie; not true; false

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+ṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'uktapūrvam' and implicitly 'vakṣye'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उक्तपूर्वम् (uktapūrvam) - spoken before

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uktapūrva

uktapūrva - spoken before, formerly said

Compound type : tatpurusha (ukta+pūrva)

• ukta – spoken, said
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vac/bru (to speak) + kta suffix.
  Root: vac/bru (class 2)
• pūrva – before, formerly, prior
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'anṛtam'.

मे (me) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Equivalent to 'mayā', indicating the agent of the past passive participle 'uktapūrvam'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्ये (vakṣye) - I will speak, I shall say

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (ḷṛṭ) of vac

Future Tense

1st person singular, middle voice, future tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

कदा (kadā) - when?

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

चन (cana) - even, any (used to intensify or generalize with interrogatives)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Object of 'pratijānāmi' and 'śapāmi'.

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Recipient of the promise and oath.

प्रतिजानामि (pratijānāmi) - I promise, I vow

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Tense

1st person singular, active voice, present tense, with prefix 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

सत्येन (satyena) - by truth

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality; true, real

Note: Indicates the means or basis of the oath.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

शपामि (śapāmi) - I swear, I vow

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śap

Present Tense

1st person singular, active voice, present tense.

Root: śap (class 1)

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Recipient of the oath.

Previous Verse Next Verse