वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-7, verse-16

कर्तव्यं यद्वयस्येन स्निग्धेन च हितेन च ।
अनुरूपं च युक्तं च कृतं सुग्रीव तत्त्वया ॥१६॥

16. kartavyaṃ yadvayasyena snigdhena ca hitena ca ,
anurūpaṃ ca yuktaṃ ca kṛtaṃ sugrīva tattvayā.

16. kartavyam yat vayasyena snigdhena ca hitena ca
anurūpam ca yuktam ca kṛtam sugrīva tat tvayā

16. sugrīva,
yat kartavyam,
(ca) vayasyena snigdhena ca hitena ca,
(ca) anurūpam ca yuktam,
tat tvayā kṛtam

16. Oh Sugriva, that which should be done by a friend—by one who is affectionate and well-wishing, and which is also appropriate and right—that has been accomplished by you.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - that which ought to be done (to be done, duty, proper act)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

• वयस्येन (vayasyena) - by a friend (by a friend, by a companion)

• स्निग्धेन (snigdhena) - by an affectionate one (by an affectionate one, by a friendly one, by an oily/smooth one)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• हितेन (hitena) - by a well-wishing one (by a beneficial one, by a benevolent one)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अनुरूपम् (anurūpam) - appropriate (suitable, appropriate, conformable, correspondent)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - right (proper, right, suitable, joined, engaged)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - accomplished (done, made, accomplished)

• सुग्रीव (sugrīva) - Oh Sugriva

• तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, therefore)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

Words meanings and morphology

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - that which ought to be done (to be done, duty, proper act)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, should be done, duty, proper action

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'tavya' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can also be accusative neuter, but here likely nominative as part of the predicate.

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'kartavyam'.

वयस्येन (vayasyena) - by a friend (by a friend, by a companion)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vayasya

vayasya - friend, companion, comrade, of the same age

From 'vayas' (age, vitality).

स्निग्धेन (snigdhena) - by an affectionate one (by an affectionate one, by a friendly one, by an oily/smooth one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of snigdha

snigdha - affectionate, tender, friendly, oily, smooth, cohesive

Past Passive Participle

From root 'snih' (to be sticky, love) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: snih (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

हितेन (hitena) - by a well-wishing one (by a beneficial one, by a benevolent one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, benevolent, suitable, proper

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hi' (to send, impel) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: hi (class 5)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अनुरूपम् (anurūpam) - appropriate (suitable, appropriate, conformable, correspondent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anurūpa

anurūpa - conformable, suitable, appropriate, correspondent, fitting

'anu' (after, conforming) + 'rūpa' (form).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (anu+rūpa)

• anu – after, along, according to
  indeclinable
• rūpa – form, shape, beauty, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'rūp' (to form) + 'a' suffix.
  Root: rūp (class 10)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

युक्तम् (yuktam) - right (proper, right, suitable, joined, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, engaged, proper, right, suitable, equipped

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' (to join, yoke) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: yuj (class 7)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - accomplished (done, made, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, accomplished, performed, deed, act

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुग्रीव (sugrīva) - Oh Sugriva

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

'su' (good) + 'grīvā' (neck). 'One with a good neck'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīvā)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

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