वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-7, verse-12

ये शोकमनुवर्तन्ते न तेषां विद्यते सुखम् ।
तेजश्च क्षीयते तेषां न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि ॥१२॥

12. ye śokamanuvartante na teṣāṃ vidyate sukham ,
tejaśca kṣīyate teṣāṃ na tvaṃ śocitumarhasi.

12. ye śokam anuvartante na teṣāṃ vidyate sukham
tejaḥ ca kṣīyate teṣāṃ na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi

12. ye śokam anuvartante teṣāṃ sukham na vidyate.
ca teṣāṃ tejaḥ kṣīyate.
tvaṃ na śocitum arhasi.

12. Happiness is not found for those who yield to sorrow (śoka). Their vitality (tejas) also diminishes. You ought not to grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural))

• शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow (śoka) (sorrow, grief (accusative))

• अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - they yield to (they follow, they conform to, they resort to, they yield to)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तेषां (teṣāṁ) - for them (of them, for them, to them)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - is found (exists, is found, is)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, comfort, ease)

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - vitality (tejas) (radiance, splendor, vitality, energy, power)

• च (ca) - also, and (and, also)

• क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - diminishes (wastes away, diminishes, perishes, is destroyed)

• तेषां (teṣāṁ) - Their (of them, for them)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• त्वं (tvaṁ) - you (you (nominative))

• शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to grieve (to grieve, to mourn, to lament)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (you ought, you deserve, you are able)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Nominative plural masculine of yad.

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow (śoka) (sorrow, grief (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, anguish, lamentation

Accusative singular masculine of śoka.

Root: śuc (class 1)

अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - they yield to (they follow, they conform to, they resort to, they yield to)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of anu-vṛt

Present indicative

From root vṛt 'to turn, exist' with upasarga anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

तेषां (teṣāṁ) - for them (of them, for them, to them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Genitive plural masculine/neuter of tad. Correlative to `ye`.

विद्यते (vidyate) - is found (exists, is found, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present indicative

From root vid 'to be' (class 4 middle voice).

Root: vid (class 4)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, comfort, ease)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, ease, pleasure

Nominative singular neuter of sukha.

तेजः (tejaḥ) - vitality (tejas) (radiance, splendor, vitality, energy, power)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - sharp edge, fire, light, brilliance, energy, vitality, spiritual power

Nominative singular neuter of tejas (s-stem).

Root: tij

च (ca) - also, and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - diminishes (wastes away, diminishes, perishes, is destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of kṣī

Present indicative

From root kṣī 'to destroy, waste away' (class 4 middle voice).

Root: kṣī (class 4)

तेषां (teṣāṁ) - Their (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Genitive plural masculine/neuter of tad.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

त्वं (tvaṁ) - you (you (nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Nominative singular of yuşmad.

शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to grieve (to grieve, to mourn, to lament)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of śuc

Infinitive

From root śuc 'to grieve'.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or potential with `arhasi`.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (you ought, you deserve, you are able)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of arh

Present indicative

From root arh 'to be worthy, deserve'.

Root: arh (class 1)

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