वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-58, verse-12

स ममाहारसंरोधात् पीडितः प्रीतिवर्धनः ।
अनुमान्य यथातत्त्वमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१२॥

12. sa mamāhārasaṃrodhāt pīḍitaḥ prītivardhanaḥ ,
anumānya yathātattvamidaṃ vacanamabravīt.

12. sa mama āhāraṃrodhāt pīḍitaḥ prītivardhanaḥ
anumānya yathātattvam idam vacanam abravīt

12. mama āhāraṃrodhāt pīḍitaḥ prītivardhanaḥ sa
yathātattvam anumānya idam vacanam abravīt

12. He, the one who brings joy, distressed by the lack of food for me, respectfully acknowledged (my words) and then spoke these words befitting the truth.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• आहारंरोधात् (āhāraṁrodhāt) - due to the lack of food for me (from the obstruction of food, due to the hindrance of food)

• पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - pained, distressed, afflicted

• प्रीतिवर्धनः (prītivardhanaḥ) - increaser of joy/love, delight-increasing

• अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having respectfully acknowledged (the father's words/situation) (having honored, having assented, having understood, having acknowledged)

• यथातत्त्वम् (yathātattvam) - truly, according to the truth, appropriately

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the son.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

आहारंरोधात् (āhāraṁrodhāt) - due to the lack of food for me (from the obstruction of food, due to the hindrance of food)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of āhāraṃrodha

āhāraṁrodha - obstruction/hindrance of food

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āhāra+saṃrodha)

• āhāra – food, nourishment, sustenance
  noun (masculine)
• saṃrodha – obstruction, hindrance, blocking, prevention
  noun (masculine)
  From saṃ-√rudh (to obstruct, block)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Indicates cause.

पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - pained, distressed, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - pained, distressed, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From root √pīḍ (to oppress, torment)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

प्रीतिवर्धनः (prītivardhanaḥ) - increaser of joy/love, delight-increasing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prītivardhana

prītivardhana - increasing joy/love, delight-increasing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prīti+vardhana)

• prīti – joy, affection, love, satisfaction
  noun (feminine)
• vardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root √vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Epithet for the son.

अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having respectfully acknowledged (the father's words/situation) (having honored, having assented, having understood, having acknowledged)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From anu-√man (to consent, approve, honor)

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Performs action before main verb.

यथातत्त्वम् (yathātattvam) - truly, according to the truth, appropriately

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tattva)

• yathā – as, according to, in what manner
  indeclinable
• tattva – reality, truth, true nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Modifies 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Verb of speaking, subject is 'sa'.

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