वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-64, verse-8

तमुद्वीक्ष्याथ दीनात्मा विलपन्तमनन्तरम् ।
वाचातिसन्नया रामं जटायुरिदमब्रवीत् ॥८॥

8. tamudvīkṣyātha dīnātmā vilapantamanantaram ,
vācātisannayā rāmaṃ jaṭāyuridamabravīt.

8. tam udvīkṣya atha dīna ātmā vilapantam anantaram
vācā atisannayā rāmam jaṭāyuḥ idam abravīt

8. atha dīna ātmā jaṭāyuḥ vilapantam rāmam
udvīkṣya anantaram atisannayā vācā idam abravīt

8. Then, upon seeing Rāma lamenting, Jaṭāyu, whose spirit (ātman) was distressed (dīnātmā), immediately spoke these words to him with an extremely faint voice.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Rāma (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• उद्वीक्ष्य (udvīkṣya) - having seen, after looking up

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, and

• दीन (dīna) - distressed, dejected, miserable, poor

• आत्मा (ātmā) - self, spirit, soul, mind

• विलपन्तम् (vilapantam) - lamenting, weeping, wailing

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, without interval, next

• वाचा (vācā) - by voice, with speech

• अतिसन्नया (atisannayā) - by a very faint, by an extremely weak

• रामम् (rāmam) - to Rāma

• जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jaṭāyu (name of a giant vulture)

• इदम् (idam) - these words (this, these (words))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke, told

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Rāma (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of udvīkṣya.

उद्वीक्ष्य (udvīkṣya) - having seen, after looking up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with prefix ud-, and suffix -ya (absolutive).

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Denotes action completed before the main verb.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, and

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating sequence.

दीन (dīna) - distressed, dejected, miserable, poor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, dejected, miserable, sorrowful, humble

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dai (to pine, languish).

Root: dai (class 4)

Note: First part of the compound dīnātmā.

आत्मा (ātmā) - self, spirit, soul, mind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind

Note: Second part of the compound dīnātmā. The compound dīnātmā acts as an adjective referring to Jaṭāyu.

विलपन्तम् (vilapantam) - lamenting, weeping, wailing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, wailing, weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'lap' (to lament, speak) with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Rāma).

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, without interval, next

(indeclinable)

From a (negation) + antara (interval).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+antara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• antara – interval, interior, space, difference
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverb of time.

वाचा (vācā) - by voice, with speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word

Note: Means of speaking.

अतिसन्नया (atisannayā) - by a very faint, by an extremely weak

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of atisanna

atisanna - very faint, extremely weak, much reduced

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ati- (excessive) + sanna (weakened, sunken), which is P.P.P. of sad (to sink).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+sanna)

• ati – excessive, over, beyond
  indeclinable
• sanna – sunken, weak, depressed, faint
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'sad' (to sink).
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vācā.

रामम् (rāmam) - to Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (an incarnation of Viṣṇu, son of Daśaratha), pleasing, charming

Note: Direct object of 'spoke' (implied, or indirect object if 'idam' is direct).

जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jaṭāyu (name of a giant vulture)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Jaṭāyu (name of a giant vulture, king of birds)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

इदम् (idam) - these words (this, these (words))

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these, here

Note: Direct object of 'spoke'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, active voice

Root 'brū' (class 2) in third person singular imperfect (laṅ), parasmaipada.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

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